Preparation And Properties Of Carbon-based Electro-catalyst Based On Animal Bones

Building a resource-saving and environment-friendly society is the goal of our new century, in the past, fossil fuels, which is the main energy of converting chemical energy to electrical electricity, is no longer comply with the requirements of the new century, due to its serious pollution, limited resources and other shortcomings, and it will be replaced by fuel cell, the direct methanol fuel cell(DMFC), one of the fuel cell, using methanol as a fuel to produce electricity, its advantages of high power density, high energy density, carbon oxide emissions, making it a very promising energy, in addition, it has excellent prospects in defense, energy, environmental protection, communications and other fields. However, in the commercialization of the DMFC, there are many obstacles must be overcome, such as platinum and platinum-based cathode catalyst shuold be replaced, because although they have the best activity and used widely in the cathode catalyst, the shortage of expensive,limited resources, and poor anti-methanol propertyies hinder its progress. thus,looking for a low-cost, efficient non-platinum and non-precious metal/non-metal cathode catalyst material has become an important topic of methanol fuel cell development. Biomass as a raw material to prepare the N-dope carbon materials for electro-catalysts have become a hot. however, the traditional biomass carbon material mainly based on the plant-based biomass, animal-based biomass type rarely, so in this paper, a study of animal type of biomass, useing two different animal debris as raw material to obtained the biomass carbon material catalyst, then by XRD(X- ray diffraction), SEM(scanning electron microscope), Raman(Raman spectroscopy),BET(nitrogen adsorption-desorption), XPS(X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy) means to study phase structure, surface morphology, degree of carbonation catalyst, the specific surface area and pore size distribution, surface composition and physical state of the elements characterizing and using CV(cyclic voltammetry) rotating disk electrode(RDE) for the oxygen reduction reaction in alkaline(KOH) medium to carry out electrochemical analysis.in addition, its anti-methanol performance and stability also be evaluated Systematically.This thesis consists of two parts:Part 1:the preparation of the oxygen reduction catalyst by carbonizing chicken bonesThe waste chicken bones was treated by carbonation, acid treatment, with iron and secondary carbide(eventually remove iron) treatment, and ultimately to obtain a catalyst of CCB2, by physical characterization(XRD, SEM, Raman, BET, XPS) we found that the stable compound Ca10(PO4)6(OH)2 in chicken bones plays an important role on the formation with a high surface area in the microporous material, by chemical analysis(CV, LSV, anti methanol performance, stability), we discover that,in alkaline KOH medium, the half-wave potential and start potential of CCB2 are significantly better than the commercial carbon XC-72, and catalyst can be comparable with commercial Pt/C, in addition,it has a better anti-methanol performance and stability than Pt/C, so CCB2 can be used directly as oxygen reduction catalysts.Part 2: the preparation of the oxygen reduction catalyst by carbonizing fish bonesUsing the same approach to the treatment of chicken bones, the oxygen reduction catalyst CFB eventually prepared by fish bones, which conducted a series of physical characterization and chemical analysis showed that: compared with the commercial Pt/C catalyst, CFB has a good electro-catalytic activity in alkaline medium, and the half-wave potential and the initial potential positive shift, shifting 10 m V and 30 m V respectively, it has good resistance to methanol performance and poor stability.