Morphology Control Of Porous Carbon Materials And Their Characteristic And Application

The greenhouse effect and energy shortage problem is increasingly serious with the rapid development of economy and society.In order to solve these problems,further development of new adsorption materials and energy storage materials is imperative.In recent years,for its outstanding properties such as high specific surface area,large pore volume,adjustable pore structure,easy to modification,and structure stability,the porous materials has attracted much attention,and can be used in gas adsorption and energy storage,etc.In this paper,we prepared different porous carbon materials,and studied its application in gas adsorption and electrochemical energy storage.The main results are shown as follows:1)Fibrous mesoporous carbon material was successfully prepared via a facile “one-pot” strategy by using resorcinol-formaldehyde resin as the carbon source,hexadecyl trimethyl ammonium bromide as surfactant and sodium silicate as an assistant.The scanning and transmission electron microscopy show that this material has fiber morphology and disordered mesopores.The material with high specific surface area(1257 m2 g-1)and uniform mesopore size(4.0 nm)are valuated from analysis of nitrogen adsorption desorption isotherm data.The material which exhibits high specific capacitance and better cycling stability shows a potential for widespread supercapacitor applications.2)Nitrogen-doped hollow carbon nanospheres have been synthesized by self-polymerization of dopamine onto silica spheres using the modified St?ber method.The fabrication process uses dopamine as carbon and nitrogen sources and tetraethyl orthosilicate as a structure-assistant agent.In the fabrication process,the SiO2 spheres are firstly formed from the fast hydrolyzation of tetraethyl orthosilicate,and then act as in situ cores for the slow deposition of polydopamine shells.After carbonization and etching of silica,the nitrogen-doped hollow carbon nanospheres are obtained.The sizes and shell thicknesses of the samples can be efficiently controlled through the adjustment of the ethanol/water volume ratio.The nitrogen-doped hollow carbon nanospheres exhibit a considerable performance for CO2 capture with a capacity of 3.09 mmol g-1 at 25 °C and 1.0 bar and a good cycling stability.3)Nitrogen-doped graphene hollow spheres have been successfully synthesized by using industrialized graphene oxide as raw material,SiO2 spheres as hard templates,and urea as reducing-doping agents.The results demonstrate that the content and pretreatment of graphene oxide sheets have important effect on the uniform spherical morphologies of the obtained samples.Nitrogen doping could improve the specific capacitance of the graphene hollow spheres.The nitrogen-doped graphene hollow spheres exhibit good capacitance performance and excellent long-term cycling stability.Industrialized graphene oxide and low-cost urea are used to prepare graphene hollow spheres,which can be a promising route to achieve mass production.This method may give a useful enlightenment for the design of graphene-based materials using industrialized graphene oxide as raw material.