Preparation And Property Of Mental Encapsulated In Carbon Nanotube/porous Carbon Hybrid Derived From Biomass

The combination of traditional purification technology, advanced oxidation processes and nano catalytic theories is the future direction of water treatment. This article amis to provide the strategy for optimizing the surface structure and electronic transport of carbon-based materials for improving the catalytic activity. The novel mental encapsulated in nitrogen-doped three-dimensional (3D) porous carbon hybrids (3D Fe@N-C and 3D Ni0@N-C) derived from biomass were designed and prepared combining with the material forming mechanism. The 3D Fe@N-C/PMS, 3D Ni0@N-C/PMS and 3D Ni0@N-C/HCOOH systems were established for pollutants removal. The activation mechanism and purification process were revealed based on the experiments. Furthermore, the composition, structure, and catalytic property, as well as their interrelation were further studied. The major research details are shown below:(1) Biological activated carbon prepared by KOH activation from biomass waste was employed as the precursor for the synthetic process of a series of 3D Fe@N-C catalysts using high-temperature pyrolysis method. Besides, the N-C was prepared by the same process without the addition of iron source. The characterization analysis indicates that iron encapsulated carbon nanotubes (CNTs) with a very high density are vertically grown on and randomly distributed in the carbon skeleton, and thus, a 3D hybrid was formed. The catalytic experiments demostrate that both N-C and 3D Fe@N-C catalysts can activate PMS to produce active free radicals for pollutants degradation. The content of the embedded iron played an important role in the 3D hybrid formation and degradation process. It was also found that adsorption of orange II did fit well with the pseudo-second-order kinetics and the adsorption isotherm follow the classical Langmiur model. From the obtained fitting parameters, N-C shows the best adsorption capacity with 364 mg/g among all the samples. Inhibition experiments and the electron spin resonance spectrometer (ESR) proved that SO4·- and ·OH were generated in the Fenton-like reaction, and thus, the catalytic degradation mechanism was proposed.(2) Biological activated carbon derived from biomass waste was employed as the precursor for the synthetic process of a series of 3D Ni0@N-CTX catalysts (where T represents the pyrolytic temperature and X represents the initial mole number of Ni salts). Based on the experimental study, all the 3DNi0@N-CTX samples could activate PMS to produce active free radicals for pollutants removal. This text provided an effective scheme to improve catalytic properties of Ni-based materials. It was found that 3D Ni0@N-C7001.00 showed the best catalytic activity in a series of 3D Ni0@N-CTX catalysts for orange II degradation, and could mineralize phenol, bisphenol A and p-chlorophenol with high efficiency. On the other hand, 3D Ni0@N-CTX catalysts also showed the potential application in the formic acid induced reduction of highly toxic aqueous Cr(VI) at room temperature. The reduction of dichromate using formic acid as a reducing agent was a well-known redox reaction, and 3D Ni0@N - C8001.00 showed excellent catalytic performance. The 3D materials, which have the advantages of easy separation, low cost and excellent stability, show the great application prospect in the field of environmental governance.