Investigation And Analysis Of Air Pollution Status And Population Health In Two Cities Of Jilin Province

Objective Collect air pollution situation and population health data in Jilin Province from 2014 to 2016,analyze the health effects of air pollution on the population in key areas of Jilin Province,evaluate the risk of air pollution to the health of the population and provide a scientific basis of taking effective intervention measures to protect public health.Methods According to the regular monitoring of air condition in Jilin Province,A city with heavier air pollution was selected as the pollution area of this study and A1,A2 monitoring points were set up.B city with lighter ambient air pollution was selected as the control area of this study and B1,B2 monitoring points were set up.Air pollutants PM_2.5 were sampled and the composition of PM_2.5 samples were measured at the monitoring points for two consecutive years from 2015 to 2016.Analysis air pollution characteristics and its impact on the health of the population by collecting the data of environmental protection,weather condition,the cause of death,emergency evacuation and hospital outpatient service and detect PM_2.5 components.Use SPSS13.0 statistical analysis software for statistical testing.For those consistent with the normal distribution of information were described by mean and standard deviation.Ecological comparison was performed using t test or variance analysis.The correlation test was performed by Person correlation analysis.The data of non-normal distribution were described by median and percentile.Use the rank sum test to compare and use Spearman correlation analysis for correlation test.Classification variables were described by frequency and percentage.The chi-square test or Fisher exactness method was used to compare the ecological differences.Time series analysis?GLM?was performed using R software to analyze the risk of air contaminants to healthy outcomes.Results 1.Air pollution characteristics: The concentration of four pollutants including PM_2.5,PM10,SO₂ and NO₂ in A city and B city showed a downward trend year by year.The changes of concentration from 2014 to 2016 showed obvious time and seasonal variation,among which the winter and spring seasons were higher and the summer and autumn seasons were lower.The average annual concentration of those four pollutants in A city were higher than B city.2.PM_2.5 composition: The largest proportion of PM_2.5 ingredients was cations and anions,accounting for 20%,followed by metal components and the lowest was polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons.Aluminum,lead,manganese and arsenic in twelve kinds of metal elements accounting for the vast majority?more than 90%?,among which the content of aluminum was the highest,more than 60%.The contents of SO42-,NH4+,Cl-and NO3-were relatively balanced and the difference was not significant.The proportion of SO42-in A city was 37.24%,while the proportion of NH4+ in B city was 29.50%.In the 16 ingredients of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons,the proportion of the top five from high to low in A city were fluoranthene?13.43%?,naphthalene?12.08%?,benzo[b]fluoranthene?10.30%?,pyrene?9.48%?and benzo[g,h,i]perylene?7.96%?,while the proportion of the top five from high to low in B city were pyrene?11.19%?,fluoranthene?10.31%?,fluorene?10.25%?,benzo[a]pyrene?7.49%?,and naphthalene?7.47%?.3.The effect of air pollution on the health of the population: Particulate matter and NO₂ can increase the risk of over-death of the population.The risk of death of the circulatory system caused by the pollutant was higher than the total death risk.The exposure-response coefficient of the gaseous pollutant NO₂ was higher than that of the particles pollutants.SO₂ and NO₂ can increase the risk of first aid,moreover the excess of emergency risk were increased by 0.387% and 0.541%.That effect did not have a lag effect,which was more direct and short-term than other pollutants.NO₂ can increase the risk of population attendance,and the excessive treatment risk was between 1.285% and 2.351%,which had both an immediate and delayed effects.SO₂ can increase the risk of children's treatment,and the excessive treatment risk is between 0.707% and 1.159%,which had both an immediate and delayed effects.Conclusion 1.The annual average concentration of PM_2.5,PM10,SO₂ and NO₂ in A city weresignificantly higher than those in B city,and all of them showed declining trend year by year.The winter and spring seasons were higher,while the summer and autumn were lower.2.In the ingredient of PM_2.5,aluminum,lead,manganese and arsenic in 12 kinds of metal elements accounted for more than 90%,4 kinds of cations and anions included SO42-?NH4+?Cl-and NO3-were balanced.Among the 16 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons,the content of fluoranthene,naphthalene,benzo[b] fluoranthene,pyrene,benzo[g,h,i]perylene,fluorene and benzo[a]pyrene were high.The ingredient of PM_2.5 were different in times,and areas,and that composition was changing.3.Particulate matter and NO₂ can increase the risk of excess death in the population,and the risk of death of the circulatory system is higher than the total death risk.The exposure-response relationship coefficient of the gaseous pollutant NO₂ is higher than that of the particulate pollutants.SO₂ and NO₂ can increase the risk of population first aid,moreover NO₂ can increase the risk of population attendance while SO₂ can increase the risk of children's treatment.