Synthesis And Properties Of Polyaniline And Polyaniline/Laponite Composite With Different Nanostructures

Polyaniline/polystyrene spheres with core-shell structure have been prepared by"swelling-diffusion interfacial polymerization" method using homemade polystyrene spheres as the template and ammonium persulfate as the oxidant.And then,polyaniline hollow spheres have been obtained after removing the template.FTIR shows that the polystyrene spheres template has been removed completely by the tetrahydrofuran.The conductivity and specific surface area of polyaniline hollow spheres are lower than the polyaniline nanofibers synthesized through regular chemical method,but electrochemical studies have shown that the polyaniline hollow spheres are expected to improve the utilization of electrode material because the hollow sphere structure reduces the electrolyte solution's diffusion path within the electrode material.In order to explore the influence of electrode material's microstructure on the electrochemical performances,the polyaniling/laponite composite with layers stacked structure has been prepared by the oxidative polymerization of aniline in the laponite colloids.And its structure and electrochemical capacitance performances have been characterized by different methods.The results show that the conductivity of composite materials can be maintained at about 10-2 orders of magnitude by controlling the additive-amount of laponite and synthesis conditions.Adding a little amount of laponite can improve the electrochemical capacitor performances of polyaniline,especially high-rate capability.The capacitance retention ratio of polyaniline/laponite composites exceeds 80%with a growth of current density from 1.0 A·g-1 to 30 A·g-1,but that of polyaniline is circa 65%.In addition,it is also found that the oligomers significantly affect the properties of polyaniline as an electrode material.The results suggest that polyaniline which has high molecular weight and narrow molecular weight distribution may has large capacity,high power density and long cycle life as an electrode material.