Effects Of Eight Sweeteners On Lifespan And Intestinal Fat Deposition In C.Elegans N₂

[Objective]Sweeteners are food additives that impart a sweet taste to foods.Sweeteners are used widely and humans exposed to them frequently.Sugar sweeteners can cause obesity and increase the risk of metabolic-related diseases.For,example,glucose,a potential gerontogen,shortens the lifespan of Caenorhabditis elegans(C.elegans)and accelerates aging.Non-sugar sweeteners are characteristic of high sweetness,low dosage and low calorific value,and used as sugar substitutes for diabetes patients.At present,it has been reported non-carbohydrate sweeteners also have negative health effects,such as causing cerebral ischemia and damage endothelial progenitor cells in mice.This study focused on the effect of eight sweeteners on the lifespan and intestinal fat deposition(IFD)of C.elegans,screen possible gerontogens from the sweeteners and provided reference for the use of sweeteners.[Materials and methods]Wild-type C.elegans N2 was selected as experimental organism.Sucrose,xylitol,stevioside,aspartame,sucralose,sodium saccharin,sodium cyclamate,and Acesulfame-K(AceK)were selected as test compounds.The dosages of sweeteners were designed based on GB 2760-2014,the National Food Safety Standards of Food Additives Using Standard and other literature.Synchronized L1 larvae were exposed to sweetener and longevity were recorded.Lipofuscin deposition in day 10,feeding quantity in day 0,day 1 and day 3,exercise frequency and oil red O staining in day 0 and day 3 were carried on.Variance analysis,survival analysis and other applicable statistical methods were used for data processing.[Results]Low doses of stevioside(0.3,1 mg/ml)extended the lifespan of N2.At 10 mg/ml stevioside,however,shortened the lifespan,promoted feeding and damaged the exercise capacity.Sodium saccharin at 10 mg/ml shortened the lifespan of N2,promoted larval IFD and damaged the exercise capacity.Sucrose at 100 mg/ml,xylitol at 30 mg/ml prolonged the lifespan of N2,delayed development of larval and reduced IFD.Aspartame at 3 mg/ml,sucralose at 0.03,0.1 mg/ml extended the lifespan of N2,reduced the deposition of lipofuscin and IFD in adults.Cyclamate at 1,10 mg/ml prolonged the lifespan of N2.AceK decreased both lipofuscin deposition and IFD,but did not affect longevity.[Conclusion]In Caenorhabditis elegans model,high concentrations of stevioside and sodium saccharin are possible gerontogens,which promote aging and shorten lifespan.Low concentrations of stevioside promote the deposition of lipofuscin.All the eight sweeteners tested in high concentrations cause exercise ability injury and increase food intake in different degrees.Except for sucrose and Ace-K,all the other six sweeteners at different doses increase larval IFD.