Synthesis Of Coarse-particle TATB And Its Reactive Crystallization Kinetics

2,4,6-Triamino-1,3,5-trinitrobenzene is of a unique insensitive single explosive authorized by the United States Department of Energy.It's believed that the grain size of 2,4,6-triamino-1,3,5-trinitrobenzene has a specified effect on its sensitivity and detonation.The coarse-particle 2,4,6-triamino-1,3,5-trinitrobenzene(50~60 ?m)has been applied as a key ingredient in polymer bonded explosive formulas,such as PBX-9502 and LX-17,of modern nuclear warheads of the United States.This is mainly due to the fact that coarse-particle 2,4,6-triamino-1,3,5-trinitrobenzene shows better performance in the fields of explosive column molding,aging resistance and low liner expansion than fine 2,4,6-triamino-1,3,5-trinitrobenzene(<5 ?m).Grain size of 2,4,6-triamino-1,3,5-trinitrobenzene can be controlled by the gas-liquid heterogeneous reaction.In order to provide the scientific directions of optimizing the manufacturing process of coarse-particle 2,4,6-triamino-1,3,5-trinitrobenzene,this thesis is focused on the global gas-liquid chemical reaction kinetics and reactive crystallization kinetics coupled with the chemical reaction factors of 2,4,6-triamino-1,3,5-trinitrobenzene.The major outlines in the thesis are described as follows:(1)Ammonia gas was used as an aminating reagent,and the amination of 2,4,6-trichrolo-1,3,5-trinitrobenzene in toluene was occurred in a high-pressure reactor for the synthesis of 2,4,6-triamino-1,3,5-trinitrobenzene with average grain size of 55 ?m.The structure of targeted 2,4,6-triamino-1,3,5-trinitrobenzene was characterized by FT-IR,MS and elemental analyser.(2)Combined with the double-films theory,the global gas-liquid chemical reaction kinetics of 2,4,6-triamino-1,3,5-trinitrobenzene was developed by means of the infinitesimal material balance calculation.The effect of raw 2,4,6-trichrolo-1,3,5-trinitrobenzene concentration on crystallization was discussed from a view of kinetics.The result shows that a decrease in concentration of 2,4,6-trichrolo-1,3,5-trinitrobenzene is advantageous to 2,4,6-triamino-1,3,5-trinitrobenzene crystal growth.(3)The reactive crystallization kinetics associated ammonia feeding rate of 2,4,6-triamino-1,3,5-trinitrobenzene,including nucleation as well as crystal growth,was systematically investigated for comprehensively understanding the manufacture of 2,4,6-triamino-1,3,5-trinitrobenzene in the heterogonous semi-batch procedure.The crystal nucleation and liner growth kinetic exponents were estimated by the linear least-squares method.As the factor of affecting chemical reaction rate directly,ammonia feeding rate plays a significant role in the reactive crystallization procedure.With the increasing of ammonia feeding rate,nucleation rate strongly increases but liner growth rate decreases.