Tempo-spatial Analysis Of Trade-offs And Synergies Among Ecosystem Services In The Taihu Lake Basin

The Taihu Lake Basin(TLB)is one of the most populous and economically developed regions in China.Rapid industrialization and urbanization have significantly changed the pattern of land use.Degradation of ecosystem services have directly affected human life and health,and further constrained local socio-economic development,posing a threat to the region's ecological security and sustainable development.Accurate estimation of ecosystem services to explore the relationship between land use change and ecosystem services in the TLB.Strengthening the identification of spatial relations of ecosystem services,analyzing the trade-offs and synergies between provisioning services,regulating services and cultural service and its influencing factors,to find a balance between development and protection,and to provide scientific reference for regional sustainable development.The research contents include:(1)Analysis of land use change in the TLB.Spatial-tempo patterns of land use and their land use transfer and landscape patterns in 1990,2000 and 2010 in the TLB.(2)Estimating ecosystem services in the TLB.The seven kinds of services,such as crop production,freshwater supply,aquatic production,net primary production,soil and water conservation,water conservation and forest recreation,were estimated and analyzed.(3)Analysis of ecosystem services'trade-offs and synergetic relationship in the TLB,including spatial correlation and spatial-tempo changes of trade-offs and synergies.(4)Analysis of natural and human activities factors of ecosystem trade-offs and synergistic change.The results showed that:(1)In 1990-2010,it's obvious of land use change in the Taihu Lake Basin.Construction,forest and water area increased,while farmland decreased significantly.Land use changes mainly occurred in the conversion of farmland to construction and water to construction.The main land around the lake was the conversion of farmland into water and the southwest farmland to forest.Land use landscape diversity is increasing.(2)From the scale of time,crop production and net primary productivity of the TLB decreased,the freshwater supply,soil and water conservation and water conservation services reduced and then increased.Aquatic production increased continuously,while the forest recreation remained basically unchange.From the scale of space,spatial distribution patterns of seven services have significant regional differences.Different land use types have different ecosystem services,regulating services and cultural service of forest are the largest,followed by freshwater supply,and have synergistic effect on time scale.The crop production is the largest in the farmland,while the soil and water conservation and water conservation services are small,and the crop production and NPP of farmland decreased year by year.Aquatic production is the largest in the water,and less regulating services.Aquatic production increased year by year.(3)There is a high positive correlation between the regulating services and cultural service in the TLB during the 20 years.Freshwater supply is negatively correlated with other provisioning services.Forest recreation and freshwater supply have the highest positive correlation.Forest recreation has the highest negative correlation with crop production.There is no correlation between provisioning services(except for freshwater supply)and regulating services in space.(4)The spatial relationship between trade-offs and synergies in the TLB is changing constantly.NPP,soil and water conservation and water conservation are easy to form a synergistic effect in space.Provisioning services(except for freshwater supply)are easy to form synergistic effect.Cultural service and regulating services are easy to form synergistic effect,as well as freshwater supply.While trade-offs always between provisioning services(except freshwater supplies)and other services.There is a new pair of synergistic effect between freshwater supply and aquatic production in 2010.(5)The influencing factors of TLB change with the change of trade-offs between different services.The synergistic effects were not changed in 20 years,mainly in the regulating service.Three periods of synergies were all affected by soil erosion K,NDVI,1km~2 forest and water area percent.In the TLB,regulating services changes are relatively stable,not susceptible to natural and human activities factors change.While the provisioning services in the trade-offs are affected by changes in human activities and landscape patterns.