Impact Of Space Elements Design On Hotel Atrium’s Physical Environment And Energy Consumption In Cold Region

The energy consumption of public buildings is higher than that of civil buildings in cold region,and hotel is one of the building types which take most energy.The research chooses atrium as object which is the most flexible in design,difficult in physical environment control,an energy-intensive in modern hotels.The research is aimed at finding out how design variables impact on atrium’s physical environment and energy consumption.In the first chapter,the development process of hotel atrium was briefly reviewed and the characteristics of space,physical environment and energy consumption were summarized.In the second chapter,typical space morphology features were extracted and the standard model of hotel atrium was built based on massive investigation.In the third and the fourth chapter,based on the measurements of physical environment and Designbuilder simulation,the space elements--space volume,location and orientation of transparent interface,proportion and shading of window or skylight--were explained separately,and advice aiming to promote physical environment and reduce energy consumption were put forward.The research shows results as follows.(1)Higher atriums would have more serious overheating problem and higher energy consumption.In winter,higher atriums with side window have higher temperature in south and west than the lower ones.In summer,higher atriums with skylight have regular temperature gradient and higher temperature on the top.Wide to length ratio has little impact on thermal environment and energy consumption of atriums with skylight but has significant effect on atriums with side window.Atriums with deeper depth are more energy-efficient.(2)Location and orientation of transparent interface have influence on atrium’s physical environment in different seasons.Atriums with side window would have overheating problem in the south and west in winter when atriums with skylight have that on the top in summer.In the aspect of energy,reducing the area of transparent interface can reduce energy.Window cost lower energy than skylight,especially the south window.(3)Reduction of window proportion might lead to inadequate illumination and have limited effect on energy conservation.The shading can effectively alleviate the overheating of the west and south atriums but has less effect on energy consumption.(4)Reduction of skylight proportion is beneficial to the stability and uniform of thermal environment in summer,and effectively reduces the energy consumption.But small skylight might lead to inadequate illumination.Skylight with shading in summer could balance the requirement of daylighting and energy consumption,and mitigate the overheating problems.