| With the depletion of fossil oil and deterioration of environment,renewable and clean energies are becoming very important for the sustainable development of mankind.It is known that biodiesel is one of the most ideal renewable and clean energies.Biodiesel is a series of long chain fatty acid esters produced from renewable biological sources such as vegetable oils,animal fats,waste cooking oil,and algae oil.In recent decades,biodiesel has been drawing wide attention for its ability to replace fossil fuels which are likely to get exhausted in the expected future.Additionally,the environmental issues caused by emission of gases from combustion of fossil fuels have also encouraged production of biodiesel,which is considered to be a carbon neutral fuel because its carbon content is originally fixed from the atmosphere.At present,the industrial biodiesel was produced of vegetable oil and methanol commonly,there are three disadvantages:first,its main raw material vegetable oil makes its cost higher;second,its raw material methanol was produced from coal,which makes its production biodiesel is not renewable energy sources in some sense;At last,the biodiesel produced from above raw material has poor low-temperature fluidity.As a result,the production and application of biodiesel was limited greatly.It is well know that butyl alcohol can be produced by biological fermentation process.So in this article,we prepared the biodiesel from used cooking oil and butyl alcohol,which can effectively solve the above problems.Firstly,the qualitative and quantitative analysis method for biodiesel was set up on gas chromatography equipped with nonpolar high temperature capillary column DB-5HT by internal standard methyl nonadecanoate.As total amount of fatty acid butyl ester ranging from 0.3mg/ml to 1.0mg/ml,the standard curves had wide linear range and high accuracy,the standard recovery rate is between 99.02%to 100.73%,and the RSD of total amount of fatty acid butyl ester was 0.24%,which shows good the precision and repeatability.Secondly,the transesterification of used cooking oil and butyl alcohol at the catalysis of sulfamic acid was investigated.The effects of reaction conditions(molar ratio of butyl alcohol and used cooking oil,catalysis amount,reaction temperature and time)on FABEs yield were explored.The highest FABEs yield could reach 97.5%at 110 ? for 2h with molar ratio of 10:1 and 1.0%catalysis(based on oil weight).Further,the researched over a temperature range of 100-120?.A pseudo first-order model was put forward and the simulated values could fit the experimental values quite well indicating that the transesterification kinetics agreed with the pseudo first-order model.The activation energy(Ea)obtained was 80.69 KJ mol-1 and the preexponential factor k0 is 7.15×109from Arrhenius equation.Finally,all the chemical and physical properties were determined in this study,the results show the prepared butyl biodiesel can meet the requirements of Chinese Biodiesel Specification GB 20828-2015 after adding 50ppm TBHQ.Compared with corresponding methyl biodiesel the cold filter plugging point(CFPP)of butyl biodiesel was reduce to 2?from 6.5?,and the Cetane Number was increased to 92.2 from 53.5,Further,the study on acceleration performance,fuel economy and emission characteristics was conducted in a diesel engine.Compared with corresponding methyl biodiesel,butyl biodiesel has better acceleration performance and fuel economycharacteristics.Compared with 0#diesel,butyl biodiesel has better emission characteristics,especially in HC,CO and PM emission. |
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