The Research On The Synthesis Of Lithium Ion Battery Anode Materials With Papermarking Black Liquor

Lignocelluose is the most abundant renewable resource on earth,a two-dimensional structure of polymeric materials.However,the lignin produced by the papermarking process,which is the main components of the papermarking black liquor?SPBL?.Due to fine particle size of alkali lignin,suspending particles,high alkalinity,high chemical oxygen demand?CODcr?and biological oxygen demand?BOD?,the recovery of SPBL is expensive and difficult to be biologically treated.So far,the mainstream method to treat SPBL is the industrial combustion.However,this method is not cost-effective and causes secondary air pollution.Alkali lignins and its degradation products in SPBL are renewable resource with the highest natural carbon content,high dispersion and surface activity,which is an ideal precursor for biomass graphene materials.In this paper,papermarking black liquor was used to synthesize anode material of lithium ion battery,and the relationship between synthetic process,composition,structure and the performance of anode material were studied.Nano-sized SiC/graphene?SiC/GN?composites were prepared through in-situ thermo-chemical method by using SPBL as the source material under 800°C.The products were produced without any additional chemical reagent.The obtained products delivered a superior cycling stability,the capacity reached 230 mAh g^-1 after 1000 cycles at the current density of 1 A g^-1.We have successfully synthesized the lamellar SiC and S in situ doped graphitic carbon/Fe₃O₄ nanocomposite?SiC/S-GC/FO-NC?at 700°C by using SPBL as the source material.In the SiC/S-GC/FO-NC structure,the donut shaped Fe₃O₄ nanoparticles?50-100 nm?with superlattices and inner surface are homogeneously embedded in the interlayer of SiC/S-in situ doped graphitic carbon?SiC/S-GC?sheets.The SiC/S-GC/FO-NC anode exhibits a ultrahigh first discharge specific capacity of 3829 mAh g^-1 and a charge specific capacity of 2250 mAh g^-1 at 50 mA g^-1,which is more than 4 times the theoretical capacity of Fe₃O₄ anode(924 mAh g^-1)and 10 times of commercial graphite(372 mAh g^-1).In addition,this approach is simple and cost-effective for reducing the waste water pollution and for developing high-performance biomass graphene power batteries,which may have an impact in the fields of environmental science,materials science,energy technology and bionanotechnology.The nanocomposites were fabricated using SPBL as a raw material via the process integration of carbothermal reduction?180°C?and high temperature carbonization?800°C?.The flexible network of SiC-GN shell not only protects the architecture integrity of Fe₃C,but is favour of electron reactions and ion storage sites.It exhibited a high reversible capacity of1137.2 mAh g^-1 and 674.7 mAh g^-1 at 1000 mA g^-1,and continued a high reversible capacity of 750 mAh g^-1 throughout the whole discharge/charge cycles.The Mn X/SiC-GN anode materials were synthesized by using SPBL as raw material via the process of hydrothermal and carbonization.The mass ratio of MnO and MnS were changed by adding different amount of Mn²⁺,MnO/MnS/SiC-GN-2 composite with hollow globular structure exihibits a high discharge capacity of 1729.5 mAh g^-1 under the current density of 500 mA g^-1.