Experimental Study On Bio-oil Production From Hydrothermal Liquefaction By The Autoclave

As the only renewable energy which can be used to produce liquid fuel on a large scale,biomass has an important position in terms of energy and environmental issues.Enteromorpha prolifera was converted into bio-oil via hydrothermal liquefaction?HTL?process.Response surface methodology?RSM?was applied to investigate the interactions of reaction temperature and solid content on the qualities of bio-oil including yield,higher heating value?HHV?,energy recovery?ER?,carbon recovery?CR?and nitrogen recovery?NR?.Optimized HTL conditions for maximum bio-oil yield was proposed and validated.The mass and energy balance of HTL process were discussed,especially the mass and metal element balance of ash were analyzed,At reaction temperature of 300?and solid content of 15%,the mass and energy balance of HTL process were 61.37% and 58.25%,respectively,of which bio-oil accounted for 17.47% and 33.70%.After HTL process,94.15% of total ash was distributed in aqueous phase product and solid residue.Furthermore,K,Na and Mg were mainly in aqueous phase product while Ca and Fe were mainly in solid residue.The bio-oil was characterized using TGA,GC-MS and FT-ICR MS.42.32% of bio-oil fraction was in the naphtha,kerosene and AGO range.Bio-oil was a complex mixture composed of hydrocarbons,acids,ketones,esters,phenols and alcohols.Oxygenated compounds in bio-oil were primarily comprised of O₂,O₃ and O₄ species,nitrogenous compounds were mainly N₁O₁?N₁O₅,N₂O₁?N₂O₄ species.Analogously,HTL of kitchen waste was also investigated and similar conclusion was reached.