Analysis Of Spatial Structure And Species Diversity Of Forest Community Of Tianma Natural Reserve

The sample of field inventory was located in the Tianma nature reserve.Two strip continuous samples of each was set up of the evergreen-deciduous forest(type I),the mixture of conifer and broadleaved forest(type II)and the deciduous forest(type III),after investigation.The interval between two samples is 5m.The samples of type I was located in scenic spots Tiantangzai,The size of them are30cm×20cm(sample1)and 40×18.2(sample2),respectively.While the sizes of the samples of type II which was set up in the Huanghe village in Tiantangzai,are 23cm×32cm(sample3)and 30.5cm×24.5cm(sample4).And the 2 samples of type III was located in the forest farms of Masongling,30cm×25cm for sample5 and 36cm×25cm sample6.Location all requested trees in each sample with the total station,then record the coordinate of each tree by X,Y(horizontal coordinates),Z(elevation),the tree factors as species,DBH and height,and the terrain factors like elevation,aspect and slope.In each sample set five shrub plots which are 2 by 2 meters by diagonal method,a total of 30 shrub plots.Doing the survey and record the number of species,height of shrubs and coverage etc.in detail;Then setting small quadrat with area of 1 by 1meter in the diagonal intersection of each shrub plot to investigate herbs,a total of 30 quadrat.Doing the investigate of herbaceous plants(number of clusters),height and coverage,etc..Using the important value,Brillouin index,Simpson index and Pielou index and species diversity index to analyze the species diversity of plant communities of three types of in Tianma Natural Reserve Region.Calculating three spatial structure parameters which are angle scale,ratio of mixed degree and mingling degree by winkelmass1.0 software,at the same time calculate forest spatial structure index and spatial structure of distance based on three spatial structure parameters,using these five parameters to analyze the forest spatial structure of three forest types in Tianma Natural Reserve Region.The results show as followst:(1)The plant species in the community are rich,the species of trees,shrubs and herbs of type?are 36,31 and 30 respectively,about 37.11%,31.96% and 30.93% of the total;the species of trees,shrubs and herbs of type II are 12,31 and 29 respectively,about16.67%,43.05% and 40.28% of the total;the species of trees,shrubs and herbs of type III are 21,30 and 22 respectively,about 28.77%,40.09% and 30.14% of the total;(2)In the tree layer of type I,Cyclobalanopsis myrsinaefolia Oerst is dominant species in the stand,Pterostyrax corymbosus Sieb.et Zucc,Bothrocaryum controversum Cyclocarya paliurus,Cyclobalanopsis glauca Oerst are sub dominant species in the forest,Cyclobalanopsis myrsinaefolia Oerst and Cyclobalanopsis glauca Oerstare evergreen,Pterostyrax corymbosus Sieb.et Zucc,Bothrocaryum controversum Cyclocarya paliurus are deciduous.It can confirm the forest is evergreen and deciduous broad-leaved mixed forest;In the shrub layer,Lindera praecox Bl.G are the main specie.To the herb layer,Elatostema stewardii Merr as the main specie,Pteridophyta,Artemisia anomala S.Moore,Duchesnea indica Focke with large important value play an important position in the herbaceous layer.In the tree layer of type II,Pinus massoniana is the dominant specie,Liquidambar formosana,Quercus glandulifera Bl,Cunninghamia lanceolata Hook are sub dominant species,Pinus massoniana and Cunninghamia lanceolata Hook are conifer,Liquidambar formosana,Quercus glandulifera Bl are borad-leaved.It can confirm the forest is evergreen and deciduous broad-leaved mixed forest.To the shrub layer,Camellia sinensis is the dominant specie.To the herb layer,Arthraxon hispidus Makino is the main specie,Pteridophyta and Keiskea szechuanensis these are with large important value also take the important stage.In the tree layer of type III,Castanea mollissima is the dominant specie,Platycarya strobilacea Sieb.et Zucc,Cronus japonica var.chinensis,Quercus glandulifera Bl,Bothrocaryum controversum are sub dominant species,Castanea mollissima,Platycarya strobilacea Sieb.et Zucc,Cronus japonica var.chinensis,Quercus glandulifera Bl,Bothrocaryum controversum are deciduous borad-leaved.It can confirm the forest is deciduous broad-leaved mixed forest.;In the shrub layer,Rubus corchorifolius L.f is the dominant specie,Arthraxon hispidus Makinois the dominant specie to the herb layer,Pteridophyta and Aster ageratoides Turcz with large important value also take the important stage;(3)Cyclobalanopsis myrsinaefolia Oerst in type I basically meet distribution of opposite "J",this teee spcices meet the diameter distribution structure of different age forest,and with a lot of trees in small diameter class,it indicates this this teee spcices with a huge potential for growth;Pinus massoniana in type II in accordance with the right normal distribution,indicating the stand basically mature;Liquidambar formosana meet left normal distribution,indicating that part of the liquidambar belongs to the early development in this forest stands,with huge development potential;Castanea mollissima in type III meet right normal distribution,indicating that this teee spcices is well-developed and mature;Platycarya strobilacea Sieb.et Zucc are basically accord with normal distribution,indicating that this teee spcices development is good,according with the distribution characteristics in diameter of same age;(4)In type I,the Brilloui index,the Pielou evenness index and Simpson index shows that shrub layer higher than vegetation layer and herb layer.It means species of herbs inever-green and deciduous broad-leaved mixed forest are a lot and distribution evenness;to the type II,the three indices shows that shrub layer higher than herb layer and tree layer,it means the shrub has the most abundant species;to the type III,the three indices shows that shrub layer higher than tree layer and herb layer,it means the species of shrubs are abundant in deciduous broad-leaved forest and the distribution of them are very uniform,herb layer with less species,maybe the Arthraxon hispidus Makino take the dominant stage so the rest species cannot survive lead to the species of herbs are less and distribute unevenness.To the tree layer,the three indices shows the type I better than type III and type II,it indicates that type I contain much more tree species with better distribution and the best stand structure.To the shrub layer the three indices shows that type III higher than type II and type I,it means the type III contain the most abundant species and distribute uniform.To the herb layer,the Brillouin and Simpson indices shows that type I better than II and the evenness index shows type I better than type III and type II,it means type I with the most abundant species and distribute most uniform;(5)Using five indices to analyze three types of forest spatial structure can yield the results as follows: mingling,neighborhood comparison,spatial structure and spatial structure index distance of three types of all species are type I is better than type III and type II while from the angle of the angle of scale to do analysis we yield the type III(0.497)is better than the type II(0.458)and type I(0.547).