Simplied Cold-prevention Technique In Vineyard

With global warming, extreme weather occurred frequently. For grape, the probability of extreme environment disaster was higher and higher. Among the numerous meteorological disasters, low temperature freezing-disaster is the most serious damage for grape. Spring frosts occurred in 2015 and the‘Century Cold wave'occurred in 2016. With the higher production costs and labour force shortage, the traditional cultivation technique was not adapted to the modernization grape management requirement. Simplification cold-prevention, early disaster prevention techniques and quick solutions to disasters were the major objective of this experiment. So several different cold-proof materials, different kinds products of frost prevention were used to prevent the low temperature injury. The results were as follows:(1) The lowest temperature of Shandong Agricultural University vineyard was-15.04 ?, Three kinds of covering all significantly improved the minimum temperature inside the covers. The lowest temperature of SC?FC and FPC were 0.81 ?,-7.56 ? and-7.37 ? respectively. The soil temperature at 20 cm underground kept about 0~5 ?, and this temperature could ensure the grape root security during the winter. The FPC?s cold-prevention effect was better than FC, and the temperature fluctuation of FPC treatment was smaller, the extreme temperature occurred time was delayed, which was suitable for the critical section of soil-buried region.(2) The ‘Century Cold Wave'occurred in most of the regions rapidly from 21 st January to 27 th January in 2016. The lowest underground temperature of the vineyard was-19.1 ?. The daily lowest temperature below-15 ? last for five days. The lowest underground temperature between 10 cm and 20 cm was-6.1 ?, which was more than the roots could bear. But SC and FPC treatment had good heat-retaining effect, Which could keep the surface temperature above- 10 ?, and the underground temperature between 10 cm and 20 cm above-2.4 ?, and the soil surface temperature of SC was hiagher than that of FPC treatment, while the underground temperature between 10 cm and 20 cm of FPC treatment was higher than that of BR treatment.(3) When the cold wave came in late January 2016, urgent measures were taken, such as spraying and covering. The investigation from 28 th Januray to 2nd Feburary showed that,the frost damages were not serious in our vineyard, More than 30% buds of Melert, Chardonnay and Zao Jufeng showed grade 2 cold injury, and 10% buds of Moldova showed grade 2 cold injury. More than 70% buds of Jumeigui,Orientalastar,Gold Finger and Summer Black showed grade 2 injury in Zhuyang town(36°17?36.90?N,117°22?15.51?E), and 100% canes of Jumeigui?Summer Black and Moldova showed grade 2 injury. More than 10% trunk injury and unnormal new shoots growth happened in Melert with no cold-prevention, while the bud sprout ratio and fruit-set of the other varieties were not influenced by cold injury; 47% of the Jumeigui were dead in Zhuyang town, the new shoots of Orientalastar and GoldFinger clustered together and had few fruit; while the new shoot growth and fruit-set of HPD, Vidal, Moldova were not influenced in Orientalastar and GoldFinger. Himrod Seedless was seldom influenced by cold injury, and the other V.vinifera×V.labrusca varieties were seldom influenced by cold injury. The results of the twice investigation showed that, there were no significant correlation between grade 1 cold injury, sprout and unnormal new shoot, just grade 2 injury especially bud grade 2 injury was correlative with new shoot growth.(4) Frost prevention products spraying could alleviate leaf frost injury, enhanced the antioxidant enzymes activity and osmotic regulation substance content in leaves reduced the membranous peroxide extent,, reduced the damage degree of photosynthetic. The effects of several kinds of frost prevention cream from high to low in the order was:‘Tianda 2116'>‘Fangshuang 1'>‘Fangshuang 3'>‘Fangshuang 2'. Among these antifrost products,‘Tianda 2116'and‘Fangshuang 1'had obvious effect on younger leaves, had good frost prevention application prospect.