Study On The Field Water Dissipation Process Of Grape Garden In Extreme Arid Region

This paper is under the support of major projects of national science and technology support project and the Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region "1025" technology, specific research methods is testing method and technology route are determined by the theory analysis of the, two years of test area data for collation and analysis. Finally, the field test data and parameters determination of, the simple simulation by the software. The dissipation characteristics and process water microcirculation analysis and research into the age of grape in Shanshan area, and simulate the process of water transport into the age of grapes, the main research results are as follows:(1) change test area 20-100 cm soil moisture of the most intense. Mainly in before and after irrigation had no differences in great changes, above 40 cm depth, soil moisture is below 40 cm, the water content is smaller than the upper water content. This is because the test area in 40 cm soil layer and the disposition of mature grape root distribution caused by. The soil water content and the maximum value occurred in irrigation after 1 day, with the increase of days after irrigation, the soil volumetric soil moisture showed continued to reduce variation, and each layer of soil containing water gradually approaching. Soil water content are the average soil temperature has the greatest influence, correlation coefficient up 0.7488, and average wind speed is related to the severity of the lowest correlation coefficient for 0.4401; average humidity of soil water content of impact than the wind speed, and the correlation coefficient is 0.5655. At the same time, analysis of soil temperature, air temperature and soil volume with the change of water found, the change regularity of roughly the same, indicating that surface soil moisture and soil temperature changes in a certain extent by temperature.(2) Shanshan area is the special soil region of Gobi improved sandy loam, the root distribution of the age grape is relatively wide, the soil permeability is better, and the phenomenon of deep leakage often occurs. Obtained through the calculation of irrigation and deep percolation, Shanshan area into old grape in 2009 and 2010 total water consumption were 517.78 mm and 493.78 mm, water consumption is the largest at the fruit enlargement period, respectively, and 218.15 mm 219.62mm; at anthesis min, respectively, and 29.07 mm 30.27 mm. Each year in the whole growing period of water consumption distribution laws change roughly the same, so the overall water consumption from low to high and then lower and then increase the law. In different years, the water consumption intensity of grape in the whole growth period(4-10 months) was due to the difference in the duration of each growth period.(3) through the analysis of the 2009, 2010 two years in different growing periods in evapotranspiration characteristics show that, two years crop coefficient in the growth period showed increases, decreases as the single peak curve and due to Shanshan area special impact on the climate and environment, test area crop coefficient higher than FAO gives experience grape crop coefficient. Compared to the evaporation of soil at different locations and two years changes of soil surface evaporation distribution site is basically the same, mainly occurred in planting furrows and ridges at the junction of the Department's ramp. During the growth period of maximum soil evaporation were in planting furrows, followed by ridge and furrow at the junction of slope, soil surface evaporation minimum in ridge and furrow planting. Analysis of two years of soil surface evaporation amount changes can be found into old grape tree between soil evaporation from entering the bud began to increase, reaching a maximum after entering the stage of fruit enlargement, after this period has gradually decreasing trend. Through calculation and analysis of age grape transpiration, grape growth stage until the harvest before, grape water consumption to transpiration, and after harvest, grape leaves began, the grape consumption quantity, the proportion of soil surface evaporation increases. Irrigation design on the basis of this, to provide reference for the implementation of irrigation system in the area of grape development and agronomic water saving measures.(4) to basic soil water movement equation as the governing equation, consider and conventional furrow irrigation under the condition of moisture movement characteristic analysis, the establishment of the extreme arid region into an old grape conventional furrow irrigation water movement model, also the numerical simulation soil volume containing content and field measured moisture content were tested and verified. Through the model simulated and field measured value analysis value comparison, it is found that the two although at some observation points formed certain differences, due to soil stratification in the 45 cm, the moisture content of the inflection point, which mainly and study area soil and grape root distribution, model simulated and field measured values deviation also in the depth reached the maximum, but the rest of the each point had no deviation. The measured values and the simulated values of RMSE 0.048 and 0.022, respectively. Through the analysis of the test of y=x, the correlation coefficient R2 is 0.817 and 0.84, two higher coincide degree. Because the upper lower soil more easily affected by the outside world meteorological factors, so the change degree of upper water value is more severe.