| Tripterygium wilfordii is one of typical and traditional Chinese medicine plants in Fujian Province. It has extensive application prospecthas and the function to insecticide, diminish inflammation, detoxify, dispelling wind and eliminating dampness, clear heat. T.wilfordii is widely cultivated with expansion scale in Taining County in recent years. However, with the increasing area of pure plantation, T.wilfordii in forest were infested by their pests and diseases with increasing level which led to disasters and affected the healthy development of T.wilfordii seriously. In order to grasp the main kind defoliators and their process of growth of T.wilfordii, we did some investigation on defoliators in Taining T.wilfordii base with on-the-spot field observation and indoor rearing, and we ensure the main kind defoliators through the occurrence degree and population density. By systematic observation and studying of main kind defoliators, we grasp their morphological and biological characteristics so that we can provide advisable directions for the defoliators population forecast and nuisanceless control. With a scanning electron microscopic on male pests, we can discuss their choice mechanism by studying their host location, foraging, courtship and spawning place.1 Investigation on defoliators of T.wilfordiiThere were several reasons which led to disasters of pests in forest of T.wilfordii, not only including Production and Administrative department's low prevention and control awareness and improper production measures, but also the defoliators have the proficiency to damage, multiplication and self-preservation. The leaves of T.wilfordii could be damaged by defoliators with a lot of incision or encroached on, which have a strong impact on the growth of T.wilfordii and lead to significant reduction of production and quality. After investigation and preliminary evaluation, there are kinds of defoliators of T.wilfordii, including Xyrosaria lichneuta Meyrick, Belippa horrida Walker, Arctiidae(unnamed) and 6 kinds of cankerworms. We consider Xyrosaria lichneuta Meyrick and cankerworms as main kind defoliators because they have the highest population density and they damage the leaves of T.wilfordii most serious. We add Amraica asahinai Inoue, Microcalicha melanosticta Hampson and other 4 kinds of cankerworms as new defoliators, which fill a gap on the report of T.wilfordii defoliators.2 The biological characteristics of main kind defoliators of T.wilfordii2.1 Amraica asahinai InoueAmraica asahinai Inoue belongs to the Lepidopter, Geometridae, Amraica. The adults are gray, and their heads are black, compound eyes are roundness and rufous. The female moth antenna is filiform, and the male moth antenna is pectinate. Both female's and male's outer margin of wings has serrated incision and coffee cilia, and there is a black spot on their terminal line of fore wing near angulus parietalis and upper field. The larva's mouthpart is chewing type, hypognathous type, and its upper lip is U shape incision; it also has six ocellalaes arranged in arch shape, nine stegmas, two pleopods, and there are black verrucae and white plaques with different size on its segmental venter, and one of the white plaques take half of the area of the whole segmental venter. The spawn is oval and light green, and there are metal luster, scales from the female moth and little honeycomb deboss on its surface. The pupa is bronzing and it has little honeycomb deboss on its surface; there are two kicks on both side of head.There are 5 generations of Amraica asahinai Inoue in Taining county in a year, and it overwinters with pupae in the soil around its host. The adult stars to eclosion in middle April next year, and a female will spawn in 3-5 days after eclosion and lay about 89.5 eggs at nights. The spawn were laid separate or together. The first generation of larva comes out on the last ten days of April. They will climb to the tender leaves or buds and eat them with the upper epidermis left after eclosion. The second generation of larva comes out on the middle ten days of June. The third generation of larva comes out on the first ten days of August. The fourth generation of larva comes out on the last ten days of September. The fifth generation of larva comes out on the first ten days of November. The larva went into a stage of rampantly damaged when they could eat up the whole leaf in first ten days of July to the last ten days of September. The adult statvolt in the daytime, they and larvae have the similar colour with the branches of T.wilfordii and soil which belong to protective coloration. Larvae perch and eat in the branches and leaves, they will stay up-right or posture of creeping when they are fazed which belong to the phenomenon of mimicry. The mature larva began pupate in the last ten days of November with obtect pupa. The egg stage last 3-5 days, the larval phase last 25-30 days, the pupal period last 13 days, the adult longevity last 4-6 days.2.2 Microcalicha melanosticta HampsonMicrocalicha melanosticta Hampson belongs to the Lepidoptera, Geometridae, Microcalicha. The body length of female moth is about 7-10mm, and the male moth is about 10-11 mm; the wing expanse of female moth is about 20-24mm, and the male moth is about and the male moth is about 26-30 mm. Their somatotype is one half of the adult of Amraica asahinai Inoue. The female moth antenna is filiform, and the male moth antenna is pectinate.Both female's and male's protogonia has a black spot, and their outer margin of wings has dentated incision and cilia with the same color to body. The spawn is oblong. The larva's body type is one half of the larva of the same age of Amraica asahinai Inoue. The larva's mouthpart is chewing type, hypognathous type, and its upper lip is U shape incision; it also has six ocellalaes and five of them arranged around a chalaza in arch shape with different size, another pair is under the shape. They have nine stegmas, two pleopods, and there are irregular white and yellow plaques on every abdominal segment. The pupa is brownish red to red brown, and it can be seen 7 stegmas from 2-8 abdominal segment. The fore wing doesn't stretch to the trailing edge of the 4 abdominal segment.There are 5 generations of Microcalicha melanosticta Hampson in Taining county in a year, and their larvae infested the leaves of T.wilfordii. They overwinter with pupae in the soil around its host on the last ten days of November. The adult start to eclosion, mating and spawning in April next year, and a female could lay about 116-180 eggs and its average spawning is about 148. The first generation of larva comes out on the last ten days of April and the mature larva began pupate on the last ten days of May. The second generation of larva comes out on the middle ten days of June and pupate on the middle ten days of July. The third generation of larva comes out on the first ten days of August. The fourth generation of larva comes out on the last ten days of September. The fifth generation of larva comes out on the first ten days of November. The larva went into a stage of rampantly damaged with high density in first ten days of July to the last ten days of September. The mature larva moves slower, and it will stay still when it begin to pupate. The egg stage last 3-5 days, the larval duration last 25-30 days, the pupal duration last 9-12 days, the adult longevity last 5-10 days. The larva own the power of mimicry and protective coloration.3 The type of the antennal sensilla of the male Amraica asahinai Inoue and Microcalicha melanosticta HampsonBy observing the shape, the type and distribution of antennal sensilla of the male Amraica asahinai Inoue and the male Microcalicha melanosticta Hampson with a scanning electron microscopic, the results showed that Amraica asahinai Inoue has five kinds of antennal sensilla, including sensilla trichodea, sensilla coeloconica, Bohm bristles, sensilla basiconca, sensilla finger. Bohm bristles distribute on scape and pedicel, the others distribute on flagellum. Microcalicha melanosticta Hampson has four kinds of antennal sensilla, including sensilla trichodea, sensilla basiconca, sensilla chaetica, sensilla coeloconica. All of them distribute on flagellum. |
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