| Pesticide is an indispensable aspect in agriculture production,however,wildly use of chemical pesticides cause serious environmental pollution as well as the serious impact on agricultural products safety.Based on this,the Ministry of Agriculture enacted the documents concerned to pesticides in 2015: by the end of 2020,reach the goal of zero growth of pesticides consumption in our country.Pressing problem we confront today is how to ensure the quality of agricultural products and at the same time,to decrease the pestcides consumption.An effective way to solve the problem is that cooperation of biological pesticides and chemical pesticides,screening efficient pestcides,reducing the usage of chemical agents to alleviate pesticide pollution as well as implement green management.In this study,we take the method of bioassay,by the cooperation of three fungicides(hexaconazole,tebuconazole,flusilazole)to screening the most efficient cooperative combination to plant disease(Rhizoctonia solani,Pyricularia oryae,Ustilaginoidea virens,Fusarium graminearum,Cochliobolus heterostrophus,Phytophthora capsici,Botryospuaeria berengeriana and Pseudomonas syringae pv.actinidae),in the meantime,take crop safety evaluation among selected cooperative combination.This study provides theoretical basis and technical support for the green control.Major study results are as follows:1.Toxicity effect and the safety evaluation of combination of phenazine-1-carboxylic acid and fungicides to rice diseaseTriazole fungicides include hexaconazole,tebuconazole and flusilazole have efficient control to Rhizoctonia solani,Pyricularia oryae,Ustilaginoidea virens,the range of Ec50 is from 0.0040 to 0.6770 ?g.m L-1.The most performance enhanced combinations to the control of Rhizoctonia solani are following mixtures : five mixture of phenazine-1-carboxylic acid and flusilazole,which the range of CTC is between 221.1408 and 1654.8000,two mixture of phenazine-1-carboxylic acid and hexaconazole,which CTC are 282.6109?281.6804.Three mixture of phenazine-1-carboxylic acid and tebuconazole,which the range of CTC is between 388.7752 and 598.1742.The most performance enhanced combinations to the control of Pyricularia oryae are following mixtures: two mixture of phenazine-1-carboxylic acid and hexaconazole,which CTC are 303.7262,212.5541;the mixture of phenazine-1-carboxylic acid and tebuconazole,CTC is 210.8142.The most performance enhanced combinations to the control of Ustilaginoidea virens are following mixtures: five mixture of phenazine-1-carboxylic acid and hexaconazole,which the range of CTC is between 275.2538 and 4029.5531,two mixture of phenazine-1-carboxylic acid and flusilazole,which CTC are 300.7303,2703.8657.Results of crop safety evaluation of these mixtures show that those mixtures cause different level of phytotoxicity to the germination of seeds and these mixtures are not applicable to rice seeds pre-management like seed soaking,dressing and seed pelleting.Experiment of emergence demonstrate that safety index of these mixtures to rice emergence is among 1-4.Experiment of growth indicate that no phytotoxicity symptoms after the selected mixtures applied to rice as well as to the heading and grain,safety index is 4.2.Toxicity effect and the safety evaluation of combination of phenazine-1-carboxylic acid and fungicides to Fusarium graminearumTriazole fungicides include hexaconazole,tebuconazole and flusilazole have efficient control to Fusarium graminearum,EC50 is 0.3752-0.6505 ?g.m L-1.while the EC50 and EC90 of phenazine-1-carboxylic acid is 44.1312 ?g.m L-1 and 26503.1493 ?g.m L-1.The most performance enhanced combinations to the control of Fusarium graminearum are following mixtures:five mixture of phenazine-1-carboxylic acid and hexaconazole,which the range of CTC is between 236.6879 and 492.2868;five mixture of phenazine-1-carboxylic acid and tebuconazole,which the range of CTC is between 249.2257 and 339.9654;Three mixtures of phenazine-1-carboxylic acid and flusilazole,which the range of CTC is between 249.9159-264.7008.Results of crop safety evaluation of these mixtures indicate that those mixtures cause different level of phytotoxicity to the germination of seeds and these mixtures are not applicable to wheat seeds pre-management like seed soaking,dressing and seed pelleting.Experiment of emergence demonstrate that safety index of these mixtures to wheat emergence is among 1-4.Experiment of growth indicate that no phytotoxicity symptoms after treatment of mixture of phenazine-1-carboxylic acid and hexaconazole,tebuconazoleas well as to the heading and grain,safety index is 4.Mixture of phenazine-1-carboxylic acid and flusilazole B,C and E result in the crop organ necrosis which occupied total 10% of organ area and growth rate of empty-seed over 10%,these result indicate that the mixture cause serious damage to the crop.3.Toxicity effect and the safety evaluation of combination of phenazine-1-carboxylic acid and fungicides to Cochliobolus heterostrophusTriazole fungicides include hexaconazole,tebuconazole and flusilazole have efficient control to Cochliobolus heterostrophus,EC50 in 0.0691-0.4795 ?g.m L-1,EC50 of phenazine-1-carboxylic acid to Cochliobolus heterostrophus is 2.8992 ?g.m L-1.The most performance enhanced combinations to the control of Cochliobolus heterostrophus are following mixtures: five mixture of phenazine-1-carboxylic acid and flusilazole,which the range of CTC is between 992.2820 and 1632.2030,five mixture of phenazine-1-carboxylic acid and hexaconazole,which the range of CTC is between 250.4319 and 1021.3100.Results of crop safety evaluation of these mixtures indicate that,mixture of phenazine-1-carboxylic acid andflusilazole include C,D and E have little effect to germination of maize.Five Mixtures ofphenazine-1-carboxylic acid and hexaconazole as well as mixtures of phenazine-1-carboxylic acid and flusilazole A and B show different damage level to germination of maize,which are not applicable to the pre-management of maize seeds seed soaking,dressing and seed pelleting.Experiment of growth indicates that no phytotoxicity symptoms after the selected mixtures applied to maize as well as to the heading and grain,safety index is 4.4.Toxicity effect and the safety evaluation of combination of phenazine-1-carboxylic acid and fungicides to Phytophthora capsiciTriazole fungicides include hexaconazole,tebuconazole and flusilazole have efficient control to Phytophthora capsici,EC50 in 14.2858-23.5470 ?g.m L-1,the inhibition effect ofphenazine-1-carboxylic acid to Phytophthora capsici shows optimism result,EC50 is 0.8375 ?g.m L-1.5.Toxicity effect and the safety evaluation of combination of phenazine-1-carboxylic acid and fungicides to Botryospuaeria berengerianaTriazole fungicides include hexaconazole,tebuconazole and flusilazole have efficient control to Botryospuaeria berengeriana,EC50 in 0.0393-0.0747 ?g.m L-1,the EC50 of phenazine-1-carboxylic acid to Botryospuaeria berengeriana is 0.1615 ?g.m L-1.The mixtures of phenazine-1-carboxylic acid and tebuconazole have synergistic effect to the occurrence of Botryospuaeria berengeriana disease,CTC is 549.2998.6.Toxicity effect and the safety evaluation of combination of phenazine-1-carboxylic acid and fungicides to Pseudomonas syringae pv.actinidae,Triazole fungicides include hexaconazole,tebuconazole and flusilazole have efficient control to Pseudomonas syringae pv.actinidae,EC50 in 105.1673-355.4516 ?g.m L-1,the inhibition effect ofphenazine-1-carboxylic acid shows optimism result,EC50 is 36.5480 ?g.m L-1.The mixtures of phenazine-1-carboxylic acid and hexaconazole have synergistic effect to the occurrence of Pseudomonas syringae pv.actinidae disease,CTC is 249.1147-1257.0090. |
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