Research On Double Cropping Rice Yield,Soil Ecological Environment And System Energy-Nutrient Flow Characteristics Under Different Winter Crops And Multiple Cropping Patterns

Winter crops and multiple cropping in paddy fields could improve the multiple crop indexes, which is helpful to increase crop productivity, improve soil and maintain the soil fertility, promote efficient recycling of agricultural resources, and guarantee the healthy sustainable development of agriculture. In this study, by two consecutive years of field location trials, the researcher set five treatments: winter leisure-double season rice, milk vetch- double season rice, rape- double season rice, garlic- double season rice and milk vetch- double season rice?rape- double season rice, analyzed and evaluated on double cropping rice yield, soil ecological environment and system energy-nutrient flow characteristics under different winter crops and multiple cropping patterns. The results showed that:1. Winter crops and multiple cropping in paddy fields could improve rice yield. Compared with the control, winter crops in paddy fields could improve rice yield components, promote the rice growth, obtain higher population dry matter, thus improve rice yield. The average annual yield increase from 0.15% to 3.95%. The garlic- rice-rice performed better.2. Winter crops and multiple cropping in paddy fields could improve the soil ecological. Compared with the control, first, winter crops in paddy fields could improve soil organic matter, total nitrogen and alkaline hydrolysis nitrogen content, which has positive role on maintaining the quick-acting nutrient. It could improve the air permeability of the paddy soil, which is beneficial to increase the number of microorganism and improve the soil invertase activity, urease activity and fungal catalase activity. Second, winter crops in paddy fields could significant improve the content of soil organic carbon and active organic carbon. Changes in the magnitude of different treatments of soil active organic carbon content is greater than the magnitude of changes in total organic carbon indicating that the response of soil active organic carbon are more sensitive to contribute to multiple cropping patterns. The carbon management index of garlic-rice- rice treatment was the highest, and paddy fields processing plants were higher than the control. The rate was 17.40%-31.07%.Thus winter crops has more positive role in improving soil carbon pool index and carbon management index than the winter fallow. Meanwhile, different soil active organic carbon had the close relation and transformed the role of each other. Third, winter crops in paddy fields could enhance soil inorganic nitrogen and mineralizable nitrogen and the microbial biomass nitrogen, which has the positive effect on the soil fertility maintaining.The milk vetch- rice- rice model performed better.3. Winter crops and multiple cropping in paddy fields could promote the the farmland ecosystem energy flow and material recycling. Compared with the control, winter crops in paddy fields could improve the level of gross primary productivity and light energy use efficiency in the paddy field system which respectively increased 24.64%-46.20% and 24.44%-46.67%.The energy flow loop index of milk vetch- rice- rice patterns was higher, reaching 0.868, indicating that Chinese milk vetch- rice- rice cropping system is more stable than the other multiple cropping systems. N, P, K were surplus in each treatment, which in a positive balance, was conducive to soil N, P, K prime virtuous circle. From the output / input and return / input ratio of view, the milk vetch- rice- rice performed better.Overall, integrated these three aspects, the milk vetch- rice- rice and garlic- rice-rice planting patterns performed better, which were suitable for popularization and application of cropping field agricultural development cycle mode in winter.