| Lotus(Nelumbo nucifera Gaern)is a member of the family Nelumbonaceae and Nelumbo Adans.It is also one of the aquatic perennial herb flowers,which has the highly ornamental and economic value.Lotus has the short florescence and the research of lotus florescence biological foundation has been lagged behind so that it is essential to improve flowering time specially.The transcriptom sequencing technique has predominated the research of molecule function and then it accelerates the relative biologic function research progress greatly.This research was based on Illumina Hi Seq2500 platform to analyze the transcriptional level of soft-bud stage and full-flowering stage in petals of lotus flower opening,then analyz the bioinformatics from the sequencing results.There were50,154 unigenes which the total length is 3,938,0851 bp,the average length is785.20 bp and the length of N50 is 1,412 bp finally.23,753 unigene contrasted to GO database which included 56 terms in three mine functions.32,194 unigene contrasted to NR protein database and homology proteins sequencing contrasted to Vitis vinifera and Theobroma cacao were the highest similarity about 39.5% and 10.6%.10,374 unigenes annotated to COG database and the mine function was general function prediction only.9,550 unigenes annotated to KEGG database and the main pathways were RNA transport and Ribosome which included 381 unigenes and 360 unigenes.There were 5,141 different expression genes(DEG)when the samples were analyzed and there were 3,832 up-regulate genes and 1,309 down-regulate which occupied 74.5% and 23.3% amoung the whole DEG.2,728 DEG were annotated in GO enrichment function.It include 56 GO function terms and the major functions were metabolic process?celluar process?cell?cell parts?catalytic activity and binding,which classified more unigenes.In the three major types of top GO enrichment function,cell wall ? heme binding and response to cadmium ion were the most remarkable.1,660 unigenes annotated in COG annotated function and the mostobviousn term is general function prediction only.These genes had the same mechanism of action,then classified together.So we can speculate the gene functions.1,500 DEG were annotated in KEGG pathways which included 148 metabolic pathways and the major metabolic pathway is Oxidative phosphorylation.It were the same with the result of KEGG enrichment function.Research out the key and the higher different expression genes which controlled the lotus ‘Qingyu' flower opening.These genes improved the related ethylene genes which were ACC genes and ERF genes.There were some genes which complex auxin,like XTH genes and YUCCA genes.And also some genes which controlled and regulate cytokinin,like CKX genes.Some genes which controlled the growth of cell wall,like EXP genes.Six flower opening stages of two cultivations ‘ Qingyu ' and‘ Chongyang ',like budding stage ? changing-color stage ? soft-bud stage ?initial-flowering stage ? full-flowering stage and flower-wilting stage were as the samples to analyze the high expression quantity of the 4 genes which to be vivificated through the method of Real-time PCR.The expression quantity changed,which almost the same with the results of transcriptom sequencing so that the transcriptom sequencing data ensured the genuineness andreliability.During the six flowering stages of‘Qingyu'and‘Chongyang',the expression of different genes had some different changes.It can showed that the genes served different functions as well during flowering and also speculated the different genes could control and related the flower types.This research revealed the key genes which control lotus flowering and lotus breeding to provide the valid molecule information of extending florescence. |
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