Research On The Relationship Of Stalk Characters And Lodging Resistance For Different Maize Varieties

The experiment was carried out in 2014 and 2015 from June to October,in the Science Park of Henan Agricultural University.Seven maize varieties were used,they are Zheng Dan958,Xian Yu335,Yu Dan606,Deng Hai605,Xun Dan20,Zhong Dan909,Hua Mei1 hao.The experiment studied phase change of stem characteristics,material transfer and utilization and their relationship with the lodging resistance involved in agronomic traits,mechanical characteristics and biomass transfer,which provide a theoretical basis for the realization of the summer maize with high and stable yield.The main results were as follows:(1)According to the research results,the correlation degree of various characters with lodging resistance is:ear height coeffficient>ear height>internode circularity>RPS>basal internode length>dry matter > stem diameter > stem pull force> density >PCS>plant height.From the point of morphological characters,the relationship of the ear coefficient,ear height,and basal internode length with lodging is greater than that of stem diameter and plant height,therefore,we can choose emphatically low ear coefficient,short basal internode species for which may have strong lodging ability,and the selection criteria for plant height can be easy.From the point of mechanical properties,,the correlation of stem RPS with yield is the largely stressed,followed by stem pull force and finally is PCS.This shows that RPS can better reflect the lodging resistance of plant.In addition,the correlation of internode circularity,dry matter with lodging is also very high.So,good internode circularity,high dry matter accumulation of stem will contribute to better lodging resistance performance.Therefore,reducing the ear height of the plant,increasing stem internode and enhancing the RPS of the plant will effectively improve the lodging resistance ability of plants.Furthermore,Increasing the internode diameter,shortening the basal internode length,improving the quality of dry matter and so on,can also improve the high lodging resistance of plants.(2)As the increase of density,stem pull force,RPS,PCS,dry matter and internode enrichment decrease.With the development of growth period.25 days after silking stage,up to the peak,the same tendency with the stem puncture strength.with the development of growth period,quality of dry matter and intermodal enrichment degree were lower,also presented atrend of reducing after the rise and reached to the peak twenty five days after silking stage.Deng Hai605 has a better ability of lodging resistance,its ear height and basal intermode length were lower,stem pull force,RPS,PCS,dry matter and internode enrichment degree were higher in different growth periods,Xun Dan20 and Zhong Dan909 have lower ability of lodging resistance,for their higher ear,lower stem strength,quality of dry matter and internode enrichment degree the stem strength.The dry matter and internode enrichment degree of Zheng Dan958 is higher before the mature stage,significantly reduced after the mature period,this maybe due to storage material in the stem of zhengdan958 transport to the ear position too much,causing the loss of dry matter of quality and decline of intermodal enrichment degree,Xian Yu335 are higher in growth stages in addition to the bell stage,its early ability of lodging resistance is lower than later stage.Huamei1 hao still remains high stem strength after mature period,good intermodal enrichment,reflects the strong ability of standing pole.It makes a contribution to the harvest mechanization.(3)In order to get high yield,so maize need larger biological yield,especially big and heavy ear,which makes the weight of the stem beard increased,causing the center of gravity height upward,and easy to lodging,therefore,there are certain contradictions existed between high yield and lodging resistance.In the process of corn production actually,we can not blindly increase planting density,whereas we should combine the relationship between density and lodging,reasonable close-planting.According to the results of this experiment,Based on the high yield,we can improve maize stalk mechanical strength and lodging resistance ability,through breeding stem with lower ear height coefficient,high puncture strength and good internodal circularity,at the same time,solving the contradiction between high yield and lodging.In this experiment,although Zheng Dan958 and Xian Yu335 occur to different degrees of lodging,their yield are still high,which caused the phenomenon perhaps because of their good photosynthetic product transportation,superior source coulome harmony and seed building ability,moreover there was no existence of serious lodging,so,the lodging had little effect on the yield.Deng Hai605 performanced a strong ability of lodging resistance,yield had not significant difference with the high yield varieties such as Zheng Dan958,Xian Yu335 and Yu Dan606.The last species Xun Dan20 had the worst lodging ability and the lowest yield,it had significant difference with the other varieties.