| The terrestrial firefly Lamprigera yunnana(Cantharoidea: Lampridae), is widespread in the southeast of China.The first report of L. yunnana is recorded in 1897. The L. yunnana is of great value,it mainly preys on a variety of mollusc, such as snail and slug. After reviewing all the researchs of L. yunnana, we found the biology and ecology of the L. yunnana is still insufficient. More detailed descriptions and related studies still need to be done. In this paper, we mainly focus on the biological and ecological aspects of L. yunnana, provides scientific basis for the following research of L. yunnana.1 The characteristics of L.yunnanaThe morphological observation showed adults of L.yunnana were typically sexual dimorphism. The body length of the male adult ranges from 1.6cm to 1.8cm; the pronotum of male is light brown; the antennae consist of 11 knobs, short and filamentous. Two creamy-white and point-type photophore located in the 7th abdominal. Adult females are similar to larvae, the body length ranges from 4cm to 6cm; abdomen is white and at the 7th abdominal has two c-type photophores. The body length of larvae ranges from 1cm to 6cm. The pronotum of the larvae is larger than the chest and the back, the tergum is deep dark brown, the dorsal line is obvious. The larvae have irregular patches with dark brown on both sides. There is a pair of triangular patches on the sides of 8th abdominal tergum, and two c- type photophores on both sides of the 8th of the abdomen.2 Biological characteristics of L.yunnanaThe larvae complete 1 generation needs at least 1 year and they always overwinter by eggs or newly hatched larvae in Dushan, Guizhou province. The larvae prefer living in damp areas and mainly prey on snails and molluscs. Larvae have suspended animation behaviour, when the interference of predators occurring in the wild, the larvae tend to curl up and enter into a state of suspended animation; When they get the external stimulus or touch may result in a hemorrhagic responsing in order to against predators.When courting the female adults always turn over the tail in order to keep the photophores upwards and emit continuours green light to attract the male adults. The male adults sustain a low altitude flight near the ground. The female adult mate many times, and the spawning period is as long as 30 days. The average fecundity is 71.73 ± 11.85, the maximum amount of spawning is up to 98, daily oviposition can reach 9-11 eggs. The relationship between fecundity and female body weight is positively related(y=62. 59x-52.03, R~2=0. 613, p <0.01).3 larvae head characteristicsThe head of L. yunnana adult is similar to the larva's head, but there is great difference between the the palate of the adults and larvae. The palate of the larvae is sickle-shaped, sharp at the front end and exiting elongated groove; but the female adult palate has no elongated grooves.4 The study on function of predatoryThis study compare the daily predation and week predation of fourth instar larvae and fifth instar larva in the lab. results showed that daily,week numbers of fourth instar for 5.95 ± 0.76 and 34.69± 5.39, are above 4.98 ± 1.04 and 27.23 ± 4.69 of fifth instar, week predation.This study conducts functional testing for the fourth instar and fifth instar under laboratory conditions, in 10, 20, 30, 40, 50(head) five kinds of prey density and according to the Holling type II to fit functional response, results showed that fourth instar: Na=N/(0.6251+0.1290N); fifth instar: Na=N/(0.7999+0.1493N·.The results show that predation of fourth instar is better than fifth instar.Determination of daily predation of fourth instar to Bradybaena ravida under 20 ?,25 ?, 30 ? and 35 ? four temperatures. The results showed 20 ? fourth instar of the predator functional response equation: Na=N/(0.6768+0.1424N); 25 ? fourth instar of the predator functional response equation: Na=N/(0.6514+0.1278N); 30 ? fourth instar of the predator functional response equation: Na=N/(0.6287+0.1198N); 35 ? fourth instar of the predator functional response equation: Na=N/(0.6307+0.175N); results display increases with rising temperature, larval predation also increases.Determination of 1,3, 5,7(head) four kinds of predator density of predation, with research on their intraspecific interference effects of predation, the fitting equation is E = 0.2986P-1.1276(R~2 = 0.998); those results showed that with the cloud density(P) of larvae increasing, the predation increasing, but the predation rate of the population(E) reducing.Studying the preferences of larval predation on two common pests, the effects for determination showed that under three different densities of Bradybaena ravida of preference for L. yunnana Larval is 0.4762,0.1959,0.0091, for false preference is-0.0941, and for switching is-0.8810; under three different densities of Agriolimax agrestis of preference for L. yunnana is-0.0393,-0.3256,-0.46417, for false preference is 0.3497, and for switching is 0.7840; in the spiral case of Bradybaena ravida and Agriolimax agrestis in both quarries, Bradybaena ravida is the optimal predator to L. yunnana Larval. |
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