Effect Of Potash Fertilizer Application On Diseases From Two Crops On Cinnamon Soil

Plant diseases limit crop yield and qualities,potassium can not only improve crop nutrition,enhance yield and quality,but also has a significant role in resistance to plant diseases.Pot and field experiment was conducted in this paper to study the effect of potassium chloride application on wheat leaf rust and corn stalk rot on cinnamon soil in Shanxi province.Some parameters such as biomass,potassium uptake,soluble sugar content,N/K ratio and total phenol content were selected to evaluate the effect of potassium resistance to disease.These will provide theoretical basis on balanced fertilization and plant disease resistance for plant breeders and producers.The main results obtained are summarized as follows:1.Potassium application could help to decline the incidence and severity of wheat leaf rust and corn stalk rotThe results from pot experiment for wheat indicated that tested wheat Jimai22 and Mingxian 169 had higher incidence and severity of wheat leaf rust under the condition of without potassium application.The incidence and severity of Mingxianl69 were obviously higher than those of Jimai22.The incidence and severity of wheat leaf rust for the treatment of potassium applied were lower than those for without potassium application,and there were a decrease tendency for the incidence and severity of wheat leaf rust with the rate of potassium application increase.Linear equation was good fit for this tendency.The incidence and severity of wheat leaf rust in the treatment of potassium application(300kgK2O/ha)were minimum.Comparing to the treatment of without potassium application,the incidence and severity of treatment of potassium application(300kg K2O/ha)for Jimai22 declined by 60%and 67%,respectively,and by 28%and 32%for wheat cultivar Mingxian169.Similar results were obtained from the field experiment for corn.Comparing to the treatment of without potassium application,the incidence and severity of treatment of potassium application(300kg K2O/ha)for hybrid Denghai618 declined by 83%and 84%,respectively.2.Potassium application could help to increase the biomass of winter wheat and summer cornThe results from pot experiment for wheat indicated that tested wheat seedling had lower fresh weight and dry weight under the condition of without potassium application.The fresh weight and dry weight of wheat for the treatment of potassium applied were higher than those for without potassium application,and there were an increase tendency for the fresh weight and dry weight of wheat with the rate of potassium application increase.Linear equation was also good fit for this tendency.wheat varieties and rate of K application were significantly affected the biomass of wheat.Comparison between two tested wheat varieties,the fresh weight and dry weight of Jimai22 higher than Mingxian 169.Similar results were obtained from the field experiment for corn.3.Potassium application could help to increase potassium uptake of winter wheat and summer cornThe results from pot experiment for wheat indicated that tested wheat seedling had lower the content and uptake of potassium under the condition of without potassium application.The the content and uptake of potassium of wheat for the treatment of potassium applied were higher than that for without potassium application,and there were also an increase tendency for the content and uptake of potassium of wheat with the rate of potassium application increase.Linear equation was also good fit for this tendency.Similar results were obtained from the field experiment for corn.Therefore,K can increase the potassium uptake of crops,so as to improve the disease resistance of crops.4.Response of soluble sugar,N/K ratio and total phenol content of corp to potash fertilizer applicationThe results from pot experiment for wheat showed that tested wheat seedling had higher the soluble sugar content,N/K ratio and lower the total phenol content under the condition of without potassium application.The soluble sugar content and N/K ratio form Jimai22 cultivars decreased by 12%and 15%than those form Mingxian169 cultivars,the total phenol content of Jimai22 more than 7%higher than Mingxian169.The soluble sugar content and N/K ratio of wheat for the treatment of potassium applied were lower than that for without potassium application,and there were also a decrease tendency for the soluble sugar content and N/K ratio of wheat with the rate of potassium application increase.Linear equation was also good fit for this tendency.The total phenol of wheat for the treatment of potassium applied was higher than that for without potassium application,and there was also a increase tendency for the total phenol content of wheat with the rate of potassium application increase.Linear equation was also good fit for this tendency.Similar results were obtained from the field experiment for corn.With the increasing of potassium chloride,soluble sugar and N/K ratio were decreased,while the total phenol content was increased.Consequence,K can increase crop resistance material total phenol,reducing pathogen nutrition source of soluble sugar content,so as to improve the disease resistance of crops.5.The correlation between the incidence and severity of disease and biomass,potassium uptake,the soluble sugar content,N/K ratio and total phenolThe pot experiment of wheat and field experiment of corn results showed that there was a significant positive correlation between the incidence and severity of disease and biomass,potassium uptake,the total phenol content,while a significant negative correlation between the incidence and severity of disease and soluble sugar content and N/K ratio.In conclusion,rational application of potassium plays a very important role in improving the yield and quality of crops and resistance to disease.