Effects Of Nitrogen Fertilizer On The Young Spike Differentiation And Yield And Quality Of Millet

In order to research relationships between the process of spike differentiation and morphology and nitrogenous fertilize's effect on the process of spike differentiation, agronomic trait, nitrogen accumulation, yield, yield component and qualities, the experiments used a method termed as randomized block design, applied nitrogenous fertilize (?To, control;?T1 treatment on June 26;?T2 treatment on July 6;?T3 treatment on July 16;?T4 treatment on July 26) during different pike differentiation periods in 5 varieties (Jingu 21, Nongda 8, Nongda 10, Qinhuang2, Qinggu) which are widely planted in Shanxi and has a stalk discrepant. Whereafter, observation and record of spike differentiation, statistic of agronomic trait, nitrogen accumulation, yield, yield component and qualities were done. The conclusions are as follows:1. The relationship between spike differentiation and morphologyThe study has found that the period of spike differentiation could be estimate by the fully opened leaves in the plant. The number of the full extension leaves is significant different in different varieties.The fertilization treatment of the number of fully opened leaves (6) is more than 2 pieces the none treatment in Jingu,while the number of fully opened leaves (6) of the control of Nongda 8 is more than 2pieces the treatment. There are 7-8 piece of leaves in the growth cone elongation stage in Nongda 10, Qinhuang 2 and Qinggu; The fully opened leaves are almost 8 in the differentiation stage of primary branch in different varieties; The fully opened leaves are almost 9-10 in the differentiation stage of secondary branch in different varieties; The fully opened leaves are almost 9-10 in the differentiation stage of third branch in different varieties except for the Nongda 10 whose fully opened leaves are 12-13; The fully opened leaves are almost 12 in spikelet and bristle differentiation stage in different varieties except for the Nongda 10 whose fully opened leaves are 13-14; The fully opened leaves are almost 14-15 in floret differentiation stage in Nongda 10 and Qinhuang 2, while the Jingu 21, Nongda 8 and Qinggu have about 13 leaves opened. leaves2. Fertilizing in different spike differentiation periods has influence on the process of spike differention in different varieties.The different varieties have been observed before dividing into eight period as follows:unstretched of apical cones stage, elongating of apical cones stage, differentiation stage of primary branch, differentiation stage of secondary branch, differentiation stage of third branch, spikelet stage, bristle differentiation stage and floret differentiation stage. Different spike differentiation period of fertilizer application on different varieties young spike differentiation rule is the same, but there are differences between the stages of young spike differentiation. Different spike differentiation period of fertilizer application on different varieties of young spike differentiation has remarkable effect on the phases and the total number of days of Jingu 21, Nongda 10 and Qinhuang 2 responses to fertilizer treatments:similar as fertilizing time delay, extended period of time in the young spike differentiation, spike differentiation through the number of days are shorter; For Nongda 8, in advance of fertilizing to enter into spike differentiation stage of millet, and extend the spike differentiation period; Fertilization for the Qinggu during the spike differentiation doesn't have influence on the length of time.3. Fertilizing in different spike differentiation periods has influence on plant morphology in different varieties.Millet has a incomplete'S'model growth curve for the plant height, a index growth curve for the stem diameter, a liner model for the expanding leaves,'J'model growth curve for the dry matter and a log function growth curve for the aboveground/underground part in the spike differentiation stage.4. Fertilizing in different spike differentiation periods has influence on the nitrogen accumulation in different varieties.With the delay of the fertilizing period, the leaves and stalks all show a rising and then dipping trend. While, the accumulation of nitrogen in leaves and stalks show a peak, which changes in the different varieties and was not effected by the fertilization time. Also, the nitrogen accumulation and transfer of the control was lower than the treatment groups obviously.5. Fertilizing in different spike differentiation period has influence on the yield and quantity in different varieties.Fertilizing in different spike differentiation period has significance influence on the yield. The number of spike and grain per spike is improved, the thousand seed weight is decline and the yield is improved finally. Fertilizing doesn't have influence on the number of spikes and grain per spikes in Nongda 8 whose thousand seed weight and yield are improved significantly. While Qinhuang has the same result to Nongda 8. The number of spikes, grain per spikes, thousand seed weight and yield are all the biggest in T1 treatment in Nongda 10. As for Qinggu, only the thousand seed weight have been influenced.The sweet taste, umami scope and part of aromatic amino acids are improved for the millet of T3 or T4 in Jingu21, Nongda 8 and Nongda 10. As for Qinggu, T2 is the best. However, fertilizing will debase the quality in Qinhuang 2. Only the resonable conditions that synthesize the protein being reached, dose the millet have a high nutritive value. In general, different vareties have different characters, we can improve the nutritive value in different fertilizing ways.