| Maize is the most great cereal crop in China, and the exploration and utilization of male sterility associated with "three lines" (male sterile line, maintainer line, and restoring line) will be significant for maize production. In this paper, male sterile line C543 will be as based material to conduct experiments including foundationally biological characteristics, cytoplasm model and heterosis or hybrid vigour. The main based results are as follows:(1) C543 were planted for many years and seasons, fertility survey in flowering phase indicated that there were no fertile individuals and the percentage of male sterile plant is 100%. This means that sterility trait kept stability; pollens stained by I2-KI solution were not be seen in microscope vision, showed that C543 was abortive thoroughly belonging to pollen-free male sterility.(2) The results showed that there were not obviously different in plant height and ear height between C543, inbred line 543 and H37-2; Leaf area of three ear leaf was slightly higher in C543 than that in 543 and H37-2; the growth period of 543 was 108 days, as same as C543, and there was 5 days earlier than H37-2; The chlorophyll content of C543 ear leaf had no obviously difference with H37-2, but it was slightly lower than that in 543; The malondialdehyde content of C543 was higher than that in 543, but it was lower than that in H37-2 in tasseling stage. However the malondialdehyde content in C543 was decreased and the leaf content of malondialdehyde in 543 was risen in mature stage. The proline content in H37-2 leaf was similar with that in C543, which of proline content far lower than that in 543 in tasseling stage. However leaf content of proline in C543 was risen, and that was decreased in 543 in mature period.(3) The fertility results of F1 crossed respectively from C543 with C736CB?C936K? C736F?C936D and C936F tester showed that tester C736CB and C936K could keep C543 sterility. However tester C736F?C936D and C936F could restore C543 fertility. The consequences were consistent with F1 fertility performance that resulted from one C-type cytoplasmic male sterile material crossed with above testers. This result primarily identified that C543 belongs to CMS-C cytoplasmic male sterility.(4) Making use of specific primers that could distinguish different cytoplasm to identify cytoplasmic type of C543. Male infertile materials Mo17CMS-T, Mo17CMS-S and Mo17CMS-C as control. The result indicated that amplified fragment length of C543 was similar with that in Mo17CMS-C as 698bp, confirming C543 was CMS-C cytoplasmic male sterility further.(5) It conducted experiment by analyzing restoring fertility and heterosis of F1, crossed from C543 and 12 inbred lines, Lin Ao 1 Hao as control. The results showed that F1 of C543xC836C, C543xHuangT2 expressed infertility, this espressed that C543 had many restoring lines. The yield analysis for restored F1 showed C543xH37-2, C543xH37-3 and C543xB37-2 had higher yield than control, achieving extremely significant increase at the 1% significant level in production. C543xH37-2 had more 21.11% yield than Lin Ao 1 Hao, most of the rest combinations had no significant difference in yield compared with control. Those results explained that C543 had potential heterosis and hybrid vigour in combinations crossed from inbred line H37-2, H37-3 and B37-2, those combinations may be strong heterosis in breeding. Heritance analysis in F2 population for plants infertile traits and fertile traits express 1:3 separation ratio may prove that C543 was controlled by one recessive gene. |
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