Effects Of Vinasse And Distiller's Grains On Malus Hupehensis Rehd. Seedling Biomass And Continuous Cropping Soil Microorganism

In this study,Malus hupehensis Rehd.Seedlings as the research material was investigated.Under pot condition,the optimal concentration of vinasse and distiller's grains had been screen out by adding them to replanted soil and comparing the biomass and root antioxdant enzymes.And then a set of controlled experiment of autoclaved and non-autoclaved vinasse was tested,the effect of vinasse and distiller's grains on Malus hupehensis Rehd.seedling and the replant soil environment by detecting the different physiological indexes of seedling in different treatments was researched.Effect of lees(including: vinasse,distiller's grains,sterile vinasse and distillers' grains)on the amount and structural diversity of soil microbia were studied with traditional flat training and modem molecular biology technology.The effects of different treatments on soil enzyme activities were compared.Phenolic acid contents in replant soil of different treatments were detected by the HPLC.The major findings were as follows :1.Different concentrations of vinasse and distiller's grains were applicated to replant soil and promoted the biomass of the Malus hupehensis Rehd.seedling.Different concentrations of distiller's grains on Malus hupehensis Rehd.seedling biomass had little influence,and the concentration of 1% and 2% were slightly higher than 0.5%.The effects between 1% and 2% concentration of vinasse was not significant,but both of them were significantly higher than that of vinasse of 0.5%.SOD,POD and CAT activity were highest in the 1% concentration of vinasse and distiller's grains,but the activity of antioxidant enzymes in the concentration of 1% was not significantly promoted than that of 2%.Comprehensively,the 1% concentration was selected to carry out the following experiment.2.The application of lees improved Malus hupehensis Rehd seedlings biomass and root respiration rate.Compared with the control,plant height of seedlings in vinasse,distiller's grains,sterile vinasse and sterile distillers' grains were increased by 39.5%,51.1%,13.1% and 21.3%,respectively,and the fresh weight increased by 85.4%,100%,30.5% and 50.6%,respectively.The treatment of distiller's grains had the best effect,and it was obvious promoting effect of vinasse and distillers' grains on seedlings biomass.Vinasse,distiller's grains,sterile vinasse and sterile distillers' grainsthe increased the seedlings respiration rate,increased by 119.76%,127.52%,58.94% and 71.11%.There was no significant difference in root respire-tion rate between vinasse and distiller's grains.Lees also promoted the development of root morphology,such as roots leng and root thrips were significantly higher than that of the control.3.The number of bacteria and fungi was significantly increased,and the microbial community structure was changed by adding lees into the replant soil.In the treatment of vinasse,distiller's grains,sterile vinasse and sterile distillers' grains,the number of bacteria were 2.47,5.89,1.95 and 5.37 times as much as contrast,respectively,and the number of fungi were increased by 210.0%,273.1%,124.7% and 142.0%,respectively.The number of bacteria and fungi on the treatment of distillers' grains was higher than that of other treatments.The bacterial T-RFLP analysis showed that the margalef index and diversity index were lower,but the dominance index was higher in the treatment of vinasse.The margalef index and pielou index of fungi community structure in vinasse treatment were slightly higher than of contrast.The soil fungal community structure of margalef index,shannon index and pielou index were significantly lower than the control,meanwhile simpson index was higher in the treatment of distillers' grains.Real time quantitative PCR was used to determine the Fusarium proliferatum in the soil,and the amount of vinasse,distiller's grains,sterile vinasse and sterile distillers' grains were decreased by 39.1%,58.1%,20.9%,and 39.2%,respectively.The number of harmful fungi was reduced,and the effect of distillers' grains was the best.4.The application of lees to replant soil can improve the activity of phosphatase,sucrase and urease and reduce the content of phenolic acids.Compared with control,the phosphatase activity in treatments of vinasse,distiller's grains,sterile vinasse and sterile distillers' grains were increased by 14.9%,28.9%,10.5%,17.5%,respectively.and sucrase activity were 2.02,2.20,1.95 and 2.02 times as much as contrast.There was no significant difference in urease activity between the 4 treatments.The content of phloridzin was the lowest in the treatment of distiller's grains,and the content of the cinnamic acid in the treatment of the sterilized lees was higher than that of the non-sterilized.