| Potatoes,as one multifunctional crop that used as food,feed and vegetable.Potatoes are always the main crop in mountain area and mid arid-zone in Ningxia for its strong capacity for resisting natural disasters,stable yield and excellent market background and are important to ensure food security and improve the income of farmersand they are one of five characteristic and dominant industries in Ningxia.This area suits for the growth and development of potatoes for its sufficient light,ample heat,big diurnal temeperature difference,thick soil layer,porous soil texture and high content of potassium.However,anuual precipitation is low in this area which has only 200-600 mm and the eneven distribution focusing on July,August and Sepetember.Anuual evaporation is 2201.9mm which is the 6-10 times of anuual precipitation.The situation is a big restriction for the development of potato industry.Therefore,aiming to further promote the development of potato industry in Ningxia and improve the ability of potatoes for resisting drought,avoiding disasters and increasing the income,our research were focused on drought-resisting variety selection,film-covered irrigation,irrigation patterns and mechanized ridging to improve cultivation techniques of potatoes in drought resisting,water saving and high yield in the dominant potato-producing area in Ningxia from 2013 to 2015.This is our research conclusion:1.The difference of cultivated appearmance was obvious in different film covered patterns for potatoes breeded in drought areas.All film covered pattern was better than partially film covered pattern and partially film covered pattern was better compared with pattern without film covered.All black film covered pattern had the stronger water absorbing and conservation ability and the role in improving efficiency of water using and physical properties of soil which were benefical to the growth and development of potatoes.All black film covered,both ridge and furrow technique is one effective way to improve potato yield and economic performance in drought areas and deserves promotion and application in large area.2.The yield of potatoes is 665.2kg/mu under the drip-irrigation treatment,and it's increased 46.8% compared with not to drip irrigation but cover plastic film treatment;the yield of potatoes is 634.8kg/mu under the drip irrigation on open ridge,and it's increased 97% compared with not drip irrigation on the ridge;the field of flag planting and drip-irrigation is 564.5kg/mu,and it's increased 36.9% compared with not to drip-irrigation.The technology of potato drip-irrigation has the comprehensive effect of saving water,saving labor,raising soil moisture,increasing yield and improving water use efficiency,especially supplementing irrigation in the main development period of potatoes can obviously increase the number of one single plant,the single plant weight,yield per unit area,the rate of potato products and water use efficiency,the increase range of 36.9% to 97% compared with not to drip-irrigation.3.Potato irrigation of drip-irrigation was most effective in terms of water use efficiency and water production efficiency,because of the summer and autumn drought,continuous high temperature in 2015,potatoes use sprinkler irrigation is the worst methods.Although the flooded irrigation greatly increased the yield,its water production efficiency was lower than drip irrigation,so in the south of Ningxia with the condition of water resources lackage,drip irrigation mode should be promoted.4.The planting technology of black plastic film half covered,sow on the both ridge and covered soil on plastic film,the planting technology of black plastic film all covered,sow on one side of ridge,can give full play to the film of keeping water,fertilizer and inhibit weed growth,improving the nature of potatoes and yield advantages.Respectively,compared with the flag planting and ridge and furrow planting,the added value is of 324.39 yuan / mu and 162.8 yuan / mu,the benefit of production is obviously,especially the planting technology of black plastic film half covered,sow on the both ridge and covered soil on plastic film,decreasing the labor and the cost;covering the soil on plastic film improved the conservation capacity while reduced the exposure due to the film easily damaged moisture loss problems,ensuring the moisture retention function of plastic film lasting.In the meanwhile,using mechanized ridge sowing,artificial covering soil than open field ridge for mu yield was increased by 25.0%-28.4%;and mu net income increased 176.94-293.54 yuan / mu.5.Under the condition of potatoes drip-irrigation,the technology of black plastic film all covered and sow on the both ridge,black plastic film all covered and sow on one side of ridge,black plastic film half covered three methods can give full play to the film of keeping water,fertilizer and inhibit weed growth,improving the nature of potato and yield advantages,and achieved good production and economic benefits,the popularization of black film mulching planting technique should be speeded up,at the same time should vigorously promote the use of cultivation,ridge and film integration machinery,promoting the concentrated contiguous flow of land cultivation of potatoes to achieve increased production,efficiency and ease the pressure of water resources. |
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