| Aquatic germplasm resources is aquatic species preservation, excellent variety cultivation, fishery sustainable development and maintain the important material foundation of national ecological security and related sciences, but also support the important strategic resources of fishery economy development and social science and technology activities, in the international competition is becoming increasingly important. The protection of aquatic germplasm resources is an important part of the protection of biological resources. The amount and the development and utilization of biological resources, including the aquatic germplasm resources, have become one of the important indexes to measure the sustainable development ability and the comprehensive national strength. The current global biodiversity disappear faster than any previous historical period, many species have become extinct or endangered. Silurus lanzhouensis as in the upper and middle reaches of the Yellow River water endemic, endangered catfish in the world belongs to the indigenous fish, the Germplasm Characteristics and protection of germplasm resources of development has become a very urgent task.This study was carried out to study the Germplasm Characteristics, provide the basis for the conservation of germplasm resources of Lanzhou catfish. Through a large number of sample determination and field investigation, the biological characteristics of Silurus lanzhouensis system studied, and evaluation of meat quality, at the same time to carry out the Silurus lanzhouensis cytogenetic characteristics of. The results of this study are as follows:After a large number of samples of determination of Shaanxi section of the Yellow River geographical populations of Silurus lanzhouensis morphological structural characteristics,number and yield, internal structure characteristics, growth characteristics, propagation characteristics, ecological habit and containing meat rate and other biological characteristics were studied. From the large number of characters in the screening of statistical significance of the three characteristics of the shape index as Silurus lanzhouensis and Silurus asotus identification of simple and intuitive basis: Silurus lanzhouensis jaw must be with the length ratio was significantly greater than that of catfish; Silurus lanzhouensis eye diameter was significantly less than that of catfish; Silurus lanzhouensis vomerine teeth with discontinuity;to study the growth characteristics of Silurus lanzhouensis constructed Silurus lanzhouensis growth pattern and parameters.Lanzhou catfish digestive system structure, feeding adaptation was systematically studied. The results show that Silurus lanzhouensis digestive system is constituted by the digestive tract and digestive gland, digestive tract from the mouth, finally from the cloacal opening to the outside, including oropharyngeal cavity, esophagus, stomach, intestines and other parts. The mouth is large, oropharyngeal cavity length, the upper and lower jaw are long villous with fine teeth. Oropharyngeal cavity of the upper part of the vomer attachment serrulate, divided into left and right two regiments, was "eight"- shaped, the esophagus is very short, the stomach swells, U type stomach stomach more thick, no pyloric sac busy. The gut is short, only 0.91 times the body length, the swelling of the foregut backward gradually become smaller, accounting for about one-third of the whole gut. Combination of Silurus lanzhouensis digestive tract of food composition and digestive tract index and other carnivorous fish comparison results can be seen, Silurus lanzhouensis has the basic characteristics of carnivorous fish, the digestive physiological characteristics and meat diet consistent.The quality evaluation index system of fish muscle was introduced with the texture index and histological index, and the 68 indexes of 4 aspects, such as muscle texture, nutrition,histology and basic physical and chemical, were evaluated comprehensively. Application of the evaluation system of Silurus lanzhouensis muscle nutritional quality, texture quality construction quality, histological meat quality and physical quality of the comprehensive and systematic study of the evaluation. Including routine nutritional ingredient, fatty acid, amino acid, delicious amino acid, inosinic acid and trace elements of nutritional components in the muscle of determination and nutritional value evaluation; muscle hardness, adhesiveness,springiness, cohesiveness, adhesiveness, chewiness and recovery of seven texture quality indexes determination and texture quality evaluation, and compared with that of the Yellow River in the same habitat catfish and the Yellow River carp. Yellow River in Lanzhou catfish and catfish as Silurus fish shape is very similar for both species, on the meat quality of both very similar, and different, which may related to the similarities and differences of the two species of fish germplasm characteristics of. The results of this study provide the basic research data for processing quality characteristics of catfish in Lanzhou famous aquatic food.To carry out the Silurus lanzhouensis cytogenetic characteristics of, Silurus lanzhouensis cultured renal cells as material to study the karyotype of Silurus lanzhouensis. Research shows that: the chromosome number of 2n=58 catfish in Lanzhou, the karyotype formula is2n=20m+18sm+16st+4t, total number of chromosome arms was 96. Through the analysis of the karyotype of Lanzhou catfish, Silurus Lanzhou showed lower Silurus evolution of fish. |
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