| Phyllostachys praecox is one of eximious monopodial bamboo species, with high economic value and development value. Fertilization and mulching are two important measures to increase economic benefit and to improve soil fertility. At present, most of Phyllostachys praecox proprietors overused fertilizer or mulched improper, causing the degradation of bamboo forest, excessive content of nitrate in bamboo shoot and high levels of heavy metals in soil. This paper took 3-5 years old Phyllostachys praecox forest in Yucheng district of Ya’an city as the test object, adopted a randomized blocks design, and studied effects of different mulching(B1:0 cm; B2:straw 10 cm+ chaff 10 cm; B3:straw 15 cm+ chaff 15 cm; B4:straw 20 cm+chaff 20 cm) under three types of fertilization (Al: 0 kg/hm2; A2:chicken manure 15000 kg/hm2+ oil cake 5000 kg/hm2; A3:compound fertilizer 3000 kg/hm2) on bamboo shooting, soil physicochemical properties, soil enzyme activity, and the correlation of bamboo shooting, soil physicochemical properties, soil enzyme activity. Screened out the optimal fertilization and mulching treatment, and provided scientific theoretical references for sustainable management of Phyllostachys praecox. The results were as followed:(1) Mulching had significant influence on soil temperature and bamboo shooting time (P<0.05). With the increase of mulching thickness, soil temperature rose, shooting period continuously prolonged and the day of shoots emerge in advance also increased, to reach the maximum when mulching thickness was 40 cm. Fertilization had no significant influence on soil temperature and bamboo shooting time(P>0.05. The combination of fertilization with mulching had greater influence on soil temperature and bamboo shooting time. The best group was chicken manure, oil cake, and mulching thickness of 40 cm, compared with the control, its soil temperature increased 10.4℃, bamboo shooting time shifted 56 days earlier, and shooting period prolonged 31 days more respectively. The group of compound fertilizer and mulching thickness of 40 cm took the next place, its soil period prolonged 29 days more respectively.(2) Mulching could promote fresh bamboo shoot yield, weight of per bamboo shoot and the number of bamboo shoot. With the increase of mulching thickness, fresh bamboo shoot yield, weight of per bamboo shoot and the number of bamboo shoot increased firstly, then declined and mulching thickness of 30 cm had the most significant influence (P<0.05). The mixture of chicken manure with oil cake could significantly increase bamboo shoot yield and the number of bamboo shoot (P<0.05). Compound fertilizer had no significant effect on bamboo shoot output (P>0.05). The combination of fertilization with mulching had more beneficial to bamboo shooting. The group of chicken manure, oil cake, and mulching thickness of 30 cm was the best, its bamboo shoot yield, weight of per bamboo shoot and the number of bamboo shoot increased by 85.67%,19.74% and 55.26% than that of control. The group of compound fertilizer and mulching thickness of 30 cm was the second, its bamboo shoot yield, weight of per bamboo shoot and bamboo shoot amount respectively increased by 66.33%,13.82% and 46.07% than that of control.(3) Mulching, the mixed use of chicken manure and oil cake both increased soil pH, compound fertilizer reduced soil pH. Mulching could increase soil organic matter, total nitrogen, alkali solution nitrogen, total phosphorus, available phosphorus, total potassium and available potassium content. The thickness of mulching increased, the influence was more significant (P<0.05). The mixed use of chicken manure and oil cake could significantly increase soil organic matter, total nitrogen, alkaline nitrogen, available phosphorus content (P<0.05). Compound fertilizer could significantly increase soil alkaline and available phosphorus content (P<005). The combination of fertilization with mulching had more beneficial to improve the soil fertility. The best group was chicken manure, oil cake, and mulching thickness of 40 cm, its soil pH, organic matter, total nitrogen, alkaline nitrogen, total phosphorus, available phosphorus, total potassium and available potassium content respectively increased by 35.95%,35.95%,121.35%,29.90%, 54.05%,29.90% and 54.05% than that of control.(4) Mulching significantly improved the activities of catalase, invertase, phosphatase and urease (P<0.05). With thicker mulching, the enzyme activities were higher and reached the highest when the mulching thickness was 40 cm. The mixed use of chicken manure and oil cake enhanced soil catalase, invertase, urease and phosphatase activities. Compound fertilizer improved soil invertase and phosphatase activities, reduced soil catalase and urease activities, but the effects were not significant (P>0.05). The combination of fertilization with mulching could effectively increase soil enzyme activities. The best group was chicken manure, oil cake, and mulching thickness of 40 cm, compared with the CK, soil catalase, invertase, urease and phosphatase activities increased by 50.98%, 37.40%,48.80% and 52.49%.(5) Fresh bamboo shoot yield and the number of bamboo shoot were extremely signif-ificantly positively correlated to soil temperature, pH, organic matter, total nitrogen, alkaline nitrogen, total phosphorus, available phosphorus, total potassium, available potassium, catalase, invertase, phosphatase, urease (P<0.01). Weight of per bamboo was extremely significantly positively correlated with soil pH, organic matter, total phosphorus, total potassium (P<0.01), was significantly positively correlated with soil total nitrogen, alkaline nitrogen, available phosphorus, available potassium, invertase, phosphatase, urease (P<0.05), and had no significant correlation with soil temperature (P>0.05). Soil catalase, invertase, phosphatase, urease activities were extremely significantly positively related to soil temperature, pH, organic matter, total nitrogen, alkaline nitrogen, total phosphorus, available phosphorus, total potassium, available potassium (P<0.01).Considering the optimization of bamboo shoot time, the increase of bamboo shoot yield and the improvement of soil fertility, the group of chicken manure, oil cake and mulching thickness of 30 cm is the best, followed by the group of compound fertilizer and mulching thickness of 30 cm. |
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