The Diversity And Spatial Distribution Patterns Of Trees In Different Community Types

Species diversity is a core problem of community ecology and a basic level of biological diversity. Accordingly, the species diversity has highly been paid attention. The maintaining mechanism of species diversity and spatial distribution pattern are becoming the hots pots in the biodiversity field. To carry out the research of the related contents has important theoretical value and guiding significance for researching species diversity and spatial distribution pattern and protecting the resources of species diversity, as well as the recovery and reconstruction of ecological system. In this study, we chose two plots as the research objects, which are spruce secondary forest in Guandi Mountain and broad leaved-Korean pine forest in Changbai Mountain. Through monitoring the space location of main trees in two plots,we comparatively analyzed species composition of trees and characteristic values of main trees, as well as the the diversity indexes. We used the analysis method of spatial point pattern to study spatial distribution pattern of trees in two plots, then analyzed the differences of main trees spatial distribution pattern along with the change of scale.The main results are as followed:(1)In the plots of spruce secondary forest in Guandi Mountain(4ha), there were 6728 trees been investigated, which are belong to 8 families,12 genuses and 15 species. As to the analysis results, there is dominant family in the plots such as Pinaceae, but most genuses have a few or just single species;(2)In the plots of spruce secondary forest, the top 6 species ranking in important value are Picea wilsonii, Larix principis-rupprechtii, Betula albo-simnsis, Betula platyphylla, Quercus liaotungensis and Sorbus pohuashanensis. Their total relative dominance account for 99.04% of the relative dominance sum, as well as total relative abundance 98.54% and total relative frequency 91.08%. Thus the top 6 species play an important role in the species composition of tree in the plots of spruce secondary forest;(3)In the plots of spruce secondary forest, the results of comparison for richness index S among tree, shrub and herb are tree<shrub<herb. However, the comparison for Simpson diversity index D, Shannon-Wiener diversity index H and Pielou evenness index J have a similar results, that is tree<herb<shrub;(4)Trees show up as aggregated distribution as a whole in the plots of spruce secondary forest. Among the top 6 species ranking in important value(Picea wilsonii, Larix principis-rupprechtii, Betula albo-sinensis, Betula platyphylla, Quercus liaotungensis and Sorbus pohuashanensis), the aggregation degree of Picea wilsonii and Larix principis-rupprechtii are increasing with the increase of research scale, while the other 4 species all show as a trend of the random distribution with the increase of research scale;(5)In the plots of broad leaved-Korean pine forest in Changbai Mountain(25ha), there were 31107 trees been investigated, which are belong to 11 families,15 genuses and 29 species. As to the analysis results, there is dominant family in the plots such as Aceraceae, but most genuses have a few or just single species except the Acer which includes 7 species;(6)The top 6 species ranking in important value in the plots of broad leaved-Korean pine forest are Acer pseudo-sieboldianum, Acer mono, Tilia amurensis, Pinus koraiensis, Quercus mongolica, Fraxinus mandshurica. Their total relative dominance account for 88.96% of the relative dominance sum, as well as total relative abundance 78.58% and total relative frequency 77.12%. Thus the top 6 species play an important role in the species composition of tree in the plots of broad leaved-Korean pine fores;(7)In the plots of broad leaved-Korean pine forest, the results of comparison for richness index S, Simpson diversity index D, Shannon-Wiener diversity index H and Pielou evenness index J between tree and shrub are tree>shrub;(8)The spatial distribution pattern of trees in the plots of broad leaved-Korean pine forest is similar to the plots of spruce secondary forest. Distribution pattern of the top 6 species ranking in important value (Acer pseudo-sieboldianum, Acer mono, Tilia amurensis, Pinus koraiensis, Quercus mongolica, Fraxinus mandshurica), mainly show a aggregation distribution pattern, which has a certain scale dependence;(9)The quantity and composition of trees in different types of community showed a significant difference. The number of trees in the plots of broad leaved-Korean pine forest is significantly more than it in the plots of spruce secondary forest, as well as the families, genuses and species. The tree species composition in the plots of spruce secondary forest showed up as great intensive and its main tree species are Picea wilsonii and Larix principis-rupprechtii. While it was relatively homogeneous in the plots of broad leaved-Korean pine forest. The result of each diversity index in the plots of broad leaved-Korean pine forest all higher than it in the plots of spruce secondary forest.