The Evalution And Analysis Of The Very Early-ripening Satsuma Mandarin Biological Characteristics

This survey studies five kinds of early maturing satsuma mandarin planted in Changde by investigating the citrus planting structure and production situation, analyzing the phenological period, growth habit, fruit growth dynamic, the analysis of fruit quality, the comprehensive evaluation of fruit quality and the fruit storage performance of the different harvest time in Changde. This test plays an important role in renovation and upgrades he structure of citrus varieties in Hunan province, introducing germplasm resources and breeding, production and income of fruit growers, and also provides a reference for cultivation management measures and the further study of precocious satsuma mandarin physiological and biochemical and molecular genetic improvement breeding.The main results are as follows:1. The most citrus production of Changde city was priority to the very early-ripening and medium-ripening satsuma mandarin. While the much older trees, unreasonable planting structure and low production leads to the concentration of the mature period and not in good advantage of conducive to sales and deep processing.2. The vigor of growth of Dafen 1 and Dafen 4 is strong and the production is higher. And also their peel is orange after full ripeness; the skin is thinner, low puffiness rate. The taste concentration slag and the test was good, quality was excellent. The Dafen 4, matured about at September 10. The Dafen 4, compared with the Dafen 1, matured 2 to 3 days in advance, the soluble solids is higher about 0.2%.3. The vigor of growth of Rinan 1 is strong and the production is higher. The fruit is oblate and luster and good in comprehensive traits. It also contains high vitamin C. The peel sleek smooth and the color and quality are good and the puffiness rate is low. It matures about at September 20; the vigor of growth of Dapu 5 is medium. Its branches are short and thick but with high yield. The reduction of acid and sugar acid ratio rises slowly. The mature time is later and the puffiness rate is low. It matures at about September 23; The Miyamoto tree potential is weak, fruit-set rate is high and the relatively low yield. Its mature time is at about September 25. Its acidity is strong and decrease acid, soluble solids is slower with high puffiness rate 4. The bud germinating stage of very early-ripening satsuma mandarin planted in Changde is in middle to late March. Its florescence is in late March or early April. The first time physiological fruit drop occurred in late April or early May and the second physiological fruit drop occurred in mid to late May. And also the fruit coloring period is at the end of August to early September and fruit mature period is in September. The fruit growth period is 138 to 157 days. The phenological phase of different varieties of very early-ripening satsuma mandarin differ, whose order are as follows:Dafen 4, Dafen 1, Rinan 1, Dapu 5, and Miyamoto. In different topography and climate zone, phenophase difference is small. Phenological phase of (Agricultrue Science research insitute base), hilly plain (JuFeng base, Wan Shanhong base), mountain (Xiu Ping garden spot), delay 1 to 2 days in turn while the fruit maturation advances in 2 to 3 days in turn and the fruit growth period andvances in early 3 to 4 days in turn.5. The very early-ripening satsuma mandarin fruit's weight, fruit transverse diameter, longitudinal diameter form the single'S'curve. Slogistic 1 equation curve shows better that the very early-ripening satsuma mandarin's dynamic growth by the fruit growth rate curve and the relative growth rate curve of fruit growth.6. Around sea level rising, the temperature decreasing, phenological period begins to be late, production development time shorten. The skin thickness gradually decreased in turn at the base 'Agricultrue Science research insitute','Ju Feng','Xiu Ping'; While the soluble solids content, sugar content, total sugar content, edible rate, sugar acid ratio, titratable acid content, vitamin C, the color and appearance get higher remarkable scores successively increased by'Agricultrue Science research insitute','Ju Feng','Xiu Ping'.7. Using Principal Component Analysis to the very early-ripening satsuma mandarin fruit comprehensive evaluation, the best one was the Dafen 4.The others ranking was that Dafen 1, Rinan 1, Dapu 5, Miyamoto. The Dafen4 had the best comprehensive quality, long supply fruit, which can be used as mainly popularization of the very early-ripening satsuma mandarin varieties in Changde.8. Research storage performance of the different harvest time fruit of the very early-ripening satsuma mandarin, the most suitable harvest period is after 130 to 150 daysbegin early florescence(about September 5 to 25) to Dafen 1 and Dafen 4. The most suitable harvest period of the Rinan 1, Dapu 5 and Miyamoto these three varieties is 140 to 160 days after early florescence (about September 15 to October 5).