Expression Profiling Of Toll-like Receptors (TLRs) In Goose Oviduct And Effect Of Vertical Ventilation And Cooling Combination On Egg Fertility Rate In Goose Out Of Season Production

China plays an important role in the world geese raising industry,given the largest quantity of goose as well as a dominate market share in the export and import.As the benefit of eating geese is being widely recognized,the industry is blooming.However,due to the limited resources,such as land,water,high density is normal in the industry,which leads to the overwhelm growth of Gram-negative bacteria such as salmonella in the air as well as in the water.When Gram-negative bacteria die,LSP can be deliberated into the environment,which is considered to be a primary issue to impair reproductive performance.Expression of TLRs in reproductive tracks of breeding geese and improve fertility rate of out-of-season-lay geese through ventilation is consisted of two parts.The first part is focus on the nonspecific immune reactions in geese reproductive tracks induced by LPS.In this experiment,30 Yangzhou breeding geese are randomly assigned into 6 groups,with 5 geese in each group;LPS of 5 different concentration(2 mg/mL,4 mg/mL,6 mg/mL,8 mg/mL,10 mg/mL)were injected to the geese in 5 treatment groups respectively,and 0.9%saline solution was injected to the geese in the control group;each goose was inject 1 mL of volume.All of the geese were injected 5 hours after laying eggs.3 hours after injection,samples were collected.Real-Time PCR was applied to analyze the relative expression of TLRs.It turned out that 10 different TLRs were detected in reproductive tracks of geese,with different expression patterns:TLR 1A and TLR 5 were not detected in oviduct bulge and uterus piece respectively;apart from that,all the TLRs were ubiquitously detected all through geese reproductive tracks.Expression of TLR 1A was significantly higher in vagina piece than in umbrella piece(P<0.05),while there was no significant difference comparing with in oviduct bulge,uterus piece and isthmus piece;expression of TLR 2A was significantly higher in umbrella piece,oviduct bulge than that in other parts of reproductive tracks(P<0.05);whereas expression TLR 1B was significantly higher in umbrella piece than in isthmus piece,oviduct bulge,comparing with uterus,the difference was not significant;TLR 4 reached its highest expression in isthmus piece,significantly higher than uterus piece and vagina piece,but there was no marked difference comparing with umbrella piece and oviduct bulge;expression of TLR 5 in isthmus piece,vagina piece was significantly higher than in umbrella piece and oviduct bulge;expression of TLR 7 was significantly higher in uterus piece than in other pieces;expression of TLR 15 was significantly higher in vagina piece than in uterus piece,but there was no difference in umbrella piece,oviduct bulge,isthmus piece;no significant difference all through the reproductive tracks when it came to TLR 21 and TLR 2BDose effect was also taken into consideration:expression of LPS receptors:TLR 2A.TLR 2B and TLR 4 were examined within different dose after 3 hours of injection.Generally,the expressions of all the three genes were increasing along with the increased dose of LPS.In the umbrella piece,expression of TLR 2A and TLR 2B increased along with the injection dose,while,in the isthmus piece,expression of TLR 4 peaked when the injected LPS concentration was of 6 mg/mL;and expression of TLR 2A kept increasing with increased dose.In oviduct bulge,expressions of TLR 2A and TLR 4 were increasing along with increased dose,while expression of TLR 4 reached its highest expression level at the concentration of 8 mg/mL,significantly higher than any other group.As TLR 2B,there was no significant difference between each group.In the uterus piece,when the concentration of LPS reached 4 mg/mL,the expression of TLR 2A and TLR4 was significant higher than other treatment respectively;while the expression of TLR 2B peaked at 6 mg/mL of LPS injection,with no significant difference between each group.In the vagina piece,expression of TLR 2A and TLR 2B went up with the increased dose,while as for TLR 4,no significant difference was detected within each group.Based on the research,practical measures to reduce bacteria in goose house to promote out-of-season-lay geese reproductive behavior in southern Jiangsu are subsequently explored.In this experiment,effects of Vertical negative pressure ventilation and Wet pad cooling system with negative pressure were determined in terms of temperature,humidity?quantity of bacteria?dust loading?reproductive performance of breeding geese respectively.It turned out that comparing with Vertical negative pressure ventilation,Wet pad cooling system with negative pressure can reduce the temperature in goose house,quantity of bacteria could also be reduced significantly,which contribute to the significant improve of fertility rate and living embryo rate after fertilization.