| In order to explore the effects of fertilizer on soil moisture,growth,nutrient and yield of foxtail millet under ridge-furrow rainfall harvesting planting model in semi-arid areas,cv.Datong 29 was field tested in semi-arid Southern Ningxia Province in 2014 and 2015.A split block designed pot with main factor(Rainfall harvesting planting model,R;Traditional flat planting model,T)and secondary factor(N 270 kg/hm2,P2O5 180 kg/hm2,F3;N 180kg/hm2,P2O5 120 kg/hm2,F2;N 90 kg/hm2,P2O5 60 kg/hm2,F1;with no fertilizer F0)was used in the experiment.The results of this study can be concluded as following:1.The effect of ridge and furrow planting model and fertilizer on growth of foxtail milletthe growth of foxtail millet was similar in 2014 and 2015.In filling stage,the plant height of R was increased by 3.52%(P<0.05)compared with T;plant height under F2 level was increased by 1.09%、4.87%(P<0.05)and 5.98%(P<0.05),compared with F1、F3 and F0.In jointing stage-seeding stage,the leaf area of R was higher than T;but after seeding stage,the leaf area of T was higher than R.The leaf area of single foxtail millet increased with the increase of fertilizer application rate,and reached the maximum at the highest level,F3,which was increased by 1.67%,15.5%(P<0.05)and 46.06%(P<0.05)than F2,F1 and F0.The biomass of aboveground biomass of R increased by 3.42% than T,and increased with the increase of fertilizer application rate,and reached the maximum at F3,which was increased by 4.10%,19.03%(P<0.05)and 51.90%(P<0.05)compared with F2,F1 and F0,in harvest stage.2.The effect of ridge and furrow planting model and fertilizer on soil water in 0-200cmThe furrow ridge planting can significantly improve the soil moisture content and reduce the soil water content.In 2014,there was no significant difference of soil water content in 0-100 cm soil layer among all the treaments because of the abundant rainfall in seed filling-harvast stage;the difference among treatments mainly occured in 100-160 cm soil layer,and the soil moisture content of R increased by 11.78 %(P<0.05)than T;therewas no significant difference of soil water content in 160-200 cm soil layer.In 2015,the soil moisture content of T in 0-120 cm soil layer increased by 16.15% averagly than T,and decreased by 2.51% averagly in 120-200 cm soil layer.In 2014,the soil moisture content of F3 in 0-200 cm soil layer was decreased by 0.69%,3.05%(P<0.05)and 4.83%(P<0.05),decreased by1.88%、5.38%(P <0.05)and 12.07%(P<0.05)in 2015.In harvest stage the water storage capacity in 0-200 cm soil increased by 5.80%(P<0.05),and the water consumption in whole growth period decreased by 22.07mm(P<0.05).With the increase of fertilizer,the water storage capacity in 0-200 cm in each period decreased,and water consumption in whole growth period increased.The water consumption of F3 in whole growth period increased by 3.74mm(P<0.05),12.7mm(P<0.05)and 29.42mm(P<0.05)respectively,than that in F2,F1 and F0.3.The effect of ridge and furrow planting model and fertilizer on yield,water use efficiency.The grain yield of foxtail millet of R increased by 7.85%(P<0.05)than T,and the average number of grains per spike increased by 7.50%(P<0.05).Grain yield increased with the increace of feitilization,and reached the maximum value at F3 which peaked at5884.2 kg / hm2 because of the the fertile soil in 2014,and peaked at 5561.5 kg / hm2 because of the infertile soil in 2015.In these two years,grain yield of F3 increased by4.50%、20.33%(P<0.05)、67.45%(P<0.05)than F2,F1 and F0.Although the yield of F2 was lower than F3,the difference was insignificant(P<0.05),in view of the input cost,the optimal amount of fertilizer applied for ridge and furrow planting was N 186 kg / hm2 +P2O5 96 kg / hm2.Water use efficiency of R increased by 14.27%(P<0.05)than T.Water use efficiency in these two years reached the maxmuim value at F3 and peaked at 14.63 averagly,which increased by 2.22%,15.17%(P<0.05),52.70%(P<0.05)than F2,F1 and F0 significantly.The fertilizer agronomic efficiency of R increased by 16.75%(P<0.05),and the partial fertilizer productivity increased by 8.59%,compared with T.The fertility efficiency and partial fertilizer productivity of F1 was the highest,peaking at 8.99 kg / kg and 33.96 kg /kg,respectively.The partial fertilizer productivity of F1 increased by 23.01%(P<0.05)and69.08%(P<0.05),the partial fertilizer productivity increased by 72.03%(P<0.05)and149.43%(P<0.05),respectively.There was no significant difference of fertilizer use efficiency between the two planting patterns,but it reached the maxmuim value at F2,peaked at 28.29%,and increased by 8.82%(P <0.05)and 26.22%(P<0.05)than F1,F2.4.The effect of ridge and furrow planting model and fertilizer on plant nutrient andsoil nitrate nitrogenThe total amount of N and P nutrients in over ground part of the millet was similar between 2014 and 2015,increased with the increase of the amount of fertilizer,and F3 reached the maximum value,peaking at 196.69kg/hm2 in 2014,and 168.22 kg/hm2 in 2015.The results in these two years showed that the total absorption of N and P of F3 increased by 9.21%(P<0.05)、47.64%(P<0.05)and 118.45%(P<0.05)than F2,F1 and F0,respectively.The total N and P absorption increased with the increase of fertilizer application,and the nutrient absorbing ratio of the reproductive organ was about 75%,and that of vegetative organ was about 25%,in the total nutrient absorption.The N,P absorbing ratio of R increased in vegetative organ and decreased in reproductive organ.With the increase of fertilizer application,the N,P absorbing ratio of vegetative organ increased,and which of reproductive organ decreased.The soil NO3-N content was similar between two years.The soil NO3-N content of R in 0-200 cm soil layer increased by 14.87%(P<0.05);and which of F3 increased by49.04%(P<0.05),128.81%(P<0.05)and 263.80%(P<0.05)than F2,F1 and F0. |
