A Preliminary Study On Epidemic Diseases Ecology Of Taihangshan Macaques(Macaca Mulatta Tcheliensis)

Rhesus macaque(Macaca mulatta)is one of the most widely distributed nonhuman primates in the world.It is often used in medicine,psychology,physiology and other multidisciplinary research because of its adaptability and physically close to human.Taihangshan macaque,Macaca mulatta tcheliensis,is a unique monkey population in China.It is only distributed in the Taihang Mountains at the junction of Henan and Shanxi Provinces,and the southernmost area of the Zhongtiaoshan,and it is the most northern macaque population.There are obvious characteristics in physiological,morphological,metabolic,genetic and ecological aspects of Taihangshan macaque,with unique genetic diversity.At present,Taihangshan macaque often appears in Jiyuan,Henan Province.In recent years,zoonoses have brought great impact to human.With the rapid development of economy,eco-tourism activities with non-human primates as the object of sight have been developed by leaps and bounds.There was a growing number of contacts between human and non-human primates.Over time,eco-tourism has brought a lot of problems,so that there was a great impact on non-human primates,such as behavioral changes,high disability and increased prevalence and so on.And once the spread of infectious diseases in the population will have a great impact on the entire population,and even the whole species will be extinct.In order to understand the epidemiology,transmission route and harm degree of Taihangshan macaque pathogens,we conducted a sampling survey of wild Taihangshan macaque from Wulongkou Scenic Area in Jiyuan City from September 2015 to November 2016.Through the research on the species,infection rates,the biological characteristics and evolutionary relationship of the pathogens in the population,the technical support and theoretical basis were provided for the species protection of in Taihangshan macaque and the prevention and control strategies of monkey zoonoses.The main contents and results of this thesis are as follows: 1)Major pathogens in Macaca mulatta tcheliensisFrom September 2015 to November 2016,458 fresh macaques were collected from Wulongkou Scenic Area in Jiyuan City,and tested pathogens,including viruses,pathogen bacteria and parasites.The results showed that the pathogens were: Parvovirus,Salmonella,Shigella,Hafinia alvei,Escherichia coli,Klebsiella pneumoniae,Yersinia,Campylobacter jejuni,Staphylococcus aureus,Leptospira,Streptococcus pneumonia,Amoeba sp.,Trichuris sp.,Isospora sp.,Physaloptera sp.,Enterobius sp.,Strongylid sp.,Ancylostoma sp.,Balantidium coli,Capillaria hepatica,Oesophagostomum sp.and Trichostrongylus sp..The infection rates were 8.30%,13.32%,31.66%,1.75%,29.91%,28.38%,6.77%,18.34%,11.57%,26.64%,8.30% and 89.96%,93.23%,28.38%,15.07%,1.75%,73.36%,3.28%,70.09%,8.30%,31.66% and 6.77%,respectively.2)Species identification and phylogenetic relationship of Entamoeba in Macaca mulatta tcheliensisThe results showed that E.dispar,E.hartmanni,E.coli and E.chattoni infected with macaques,and the infection rates were 58.30%,79.91%,69.87% and 88.43%,respectively,and the mixed infection rate was 84.93%.The results of phylogenetic analysis showed that the results of sequencing were 97%-99% homologous to the known species of Entamoeba,and the phylogenetic tree analysis showed that the results were consistent with E.dispar,E.hartmanni,E.coli and E.Chattoni were on the same evolutionary branch,that is,four amoeba protozoa are E.dispar,E.hartmanni,E.coli and E.chattoni.3)Biological characteristics of Hafnia alveiIn 2016,we found a dead monkey in Wulongkou Scenic Area in Jiyuan City,and isolated a bacterium,identified as the Hafnia alvei.The colony morphology for yellow circle,neat edge,smooth of the small colonies,gram stained Gram-negative brevibacterium;and the bacteria can break down D-galactose,D-fructose,etc.,can not break down maltose,sucrose,L-rhamnose,etc.,and toleranced to cefazolin,ampicillin,amoxicillin-clavulanic acid,ampicillin-sulbactam and tetracycline,but sensitive to most other antibiotics;sequence analysis showed that the sequence of the bacteria was 99% homologous to the known Hafnia alvei,and the evolutionary relationship was on the same branch,indicating that the isolate was Hafnia alvei.