| Nowadays foliar fertilizer is widely used in wheat production.In order to explore the regulation effects of foliar fertilizer on the wheat yield and quality in different nitrogen levels,the related research work was conducted on the Experimental Farm of Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology of Yangzhou University from 2014 to 2016.A weak gluten wheat(Ningmai18)and a medium gluten wheat(Ningmai19)were selected as the research material.In this work,two nitrogen concentrations and three nitrogen application ratio during 4 different growth stages(before sowing,tillering stage,jointing stage and booting stage)were included.The grain yield,quality,physiological characteristics were investigated,to find out differences and similarities among the genotypes under the treatment of FengChanLing,Solubar,potassium dihydrogen phosphate(PDP)and zinc sulfate during booting and flowering stage.This research is aiming to provide theoretical basis and technical support for the improvement of the wheat yield and quality.The main results are as follows:1.In the past two years,different types of foliar fertilizers incresed the wheat yield.Moreover,significant difference exists among the crop yield and under different types of foliar fertilizers.The increasing yield rates in Ningmai18 sprayed with FengChanLing,Solubar,PDP and Zinc sulfate between 2014 and 2015 were 9.2%,2.6%,6.66%,0.46%respectively.From 2015 to 2016,the increasing yield rates in wheat treated with Feng Chan,Solubar at booting and flowering stage were 7.65%and 7.79%respectively,while the wheat plants with the treatment ofPDP,zinc sulfate,FengChanLing and Solubar at flowering stage increased 8.14%,2.32%,3.66%and 4.37%respectively.These results indicated that the wheat yield increased dramatically through an extra application of FengChanLing and Solubar at the booting stage,compared with single treatment of these two foliar fertilizers at flowering stage.However,the effect of Solubar on the wheat yield varies due to the genotypic variation and climate change.2.In the final growth stage,the observed increasing wheat grain yield was due to the increment of grain number and weight;however,this also affected by different wheat genotypes and foliar fertilizers.Our results indicated that Solubar was responsible for the grain number increase while grain weight is regulated by PDP,compared to the other two foliar fertilizers.3.In contrast to the normal nitrogen concentration(240 kg/hm2),the reduced the amount of nitrogen application(180 kg/hm2)decreased grain yield significantly.Through the application of foliar fertilizers,the yield penalty was redeemed with the final yield between 0.5%-11%.Grain yield in wheat grown under the 50%:10%:20%:20%(5:1:2:2)ratio of nitrogen application was slightly higher than the other two conditions,while 7:1:2:0 and 7:1:0:2 ratios showed higher increasing yield rate after the application of foliar fertilizers.4.Different types of foliar fertilizers had different effects on grain quality characteristics in weak gluten wheat(Ningmail8).Except the observed decreased in grain protein and starch content under the treatment of PDP in the lower nitrogen level(180 kg/hm2),other treatments showed increased grain protein and starch content.FengChanLing and PDP reduced zeleny and wet gluten content,other treatments increased zeleny and wet gluten content.Both unit weight and stiffness index increased in all four foliar fertilizers.5.Different types of foliar fertilizers had different effects on grain quality characteristics in weak gluten wheat(Ningmai19).In the lower nitrogen level(180 kg/hm2)with the 7:1:2:0 and 7:1:0:2 ratios of nitrogen application,grain protein content decreased with the treatment of Chan Ling at booting stage,while the increased grain protein content could be found in all the other growth conditions.All the treatments reduced grain starch content,but increased grain starch yield.The application of PDP and FengChanLing at flowering stage caused the decrease in wet gluten content,while the other two foliar fertilizers increased zeleny and wet gluten content.The effects of all the treatments on sedimentation value were not significant.6.The flag leaf senescence could be delayed and the higher photosynthetic efficiency could be observed through the application of higher nitrogen content,fertilizer during booting and jointing stage and different types of foliage fertilizers.The utilization of FengChanLing at booting and flowering stage and PDP at flowering stage performed better,while the application of zinc sulfate is disappointing.The same results were consistent in both weak gluten wheat and middle gluten wheat.7.The application of foliar fertilizers could increase SOD、POD and CAT enzyme activities in the flag leaves,among which FengChanLing showed the highest enzyme activities,accordingly followed by PDP,Solubar and Zinc Sulfate.Foliar fertilizers reduced the MDA content in the:flag leaves at the booting and flowering stage;meanwhile the effects of the four fertilizers were consistent with the aforementioned results in enzyme activities,resulting in delayed flag leaf senescence which is beneficial for the grain yield and quality.8.In order to promise that the quality of weak gluten wheat Ningmai 18 could meet national standard "high quality wheat and weak gluten wheat"(GB/T17893-1999),the paper suggests that the amount of nitrogen for the weak gluten wheat should be 180 kg/hm2,the ratios of nitrogen application is 7:1:2:0 or 7:1:0:2 and only once spray of PDP occurs during flowering stage.For medium gluten wheat NingMail9,it could improve yield and quality by spraying foliage fertilizer under the conditions of different nitrogen fertilizer(except for FengChanLing).The suggested amount of nitrogen application is 240 kg/hm2 and the ratios of nitrogen application is 5:1:2:2,with the addition of FengChanLing only once at each of booting and flowering stage,Solubar in each of the two stages and PDP only in the flowering stage,which can be coordinated to improve yield and quality of synchronization. |
PDF Full Text Request