Response Of Different Varieties Wheat To Soil Water Stress In The Huang-Huai Plain

Huang-huai plain is the main production area of wheat in China.Currently,drought and flood disasters and reduced agricultural water are the two main limiting factors of sustainable food production in Huang-huai area.In this study,23 wheat varieties that grown in large area of Huang-huai plain were selected and four moisture treatments were setted: normal irrigation,mild drought,severe drought and waterlogging.We could investigate 23 wheat varieties differences in drought resistance,waterlogging tolerance and water use efficiency and finally provide theoretical reference for wheat cultivation and rational utilization of wheat varieties of Huang-huai plain.The main conclusions are as follows:(1)We evaluated the drought resistance and waterlogging tolerance of tested wheat varieties by measuring 14 physiological and morphological indexes such as proline content and relative water content of leaves,net photosynthetic rate,root length,root volume,root surface area,plant growth rate,etc.and used multiple statistical methods such as correlation analysis,principal component analysis,subordinate function analysis and cluster analysis.The drought resistance of 23 wheat varieties were divided into three groups: The first category including Yumai49-198,Junxiao9706,Bainong160,Zhongmai895 and Hemai801 belonged to the high drought resistant group.The second category included 11 cultivars,such as Zhongmai 998,Fengdecun1,Liangxing66,Aikang 58,Zhoumai 22,Zhongmai7,Shengyuan619,Shangmai1,Zhoumai21,Xuke1,Luomai28,which belonged to the medium drought resistant group.And the third class including Huacheng3366,Yanzhan4110,Luomai26,Xuke168,Zhongmai1,Xunong5,04zhong36 were divided into the weak drought resistant group.The waterlogging tolerance of 23 wheat varieties were divided into three groups: The first category,strong waterlogging tolerance,such as 04 zhong 36;The second category,moderate waterlogging tolerance,including Fengdecun 1,Zhongmai 1,Hemai 801,Zhongmai 895,Zhoumai 22,Xuke 1,Zhongmai 998 and Bainong 160;And the third class including 14 varieties such as Yumai 49-198,Yanzhan 4110,Liangxing 66,Zhongmai 7,Junxiao 9706,Xunong 5,Zhoumai21,Shengyuan619,Aikang58,Luomai26,Xuke168,Luomai28,Shangmai1,Huacheng3366 were divided into the weak waterlogging tolerance.(2)For four kinds of water treatments at seedling stage,mild drought and waterlogging had a smaller impact on wheat,but severe drought serious influenced the growth of wheat.The responses of different indexes to water stress were different and there was a certain correlation.Plant height,root length,photosynthetic rate,chlorophyll content,proline content and root activity were affected greatly.However,the changes of chlorophyll fluorescence and leaf water content were smaller.Under drought stress,LWC and LRWC,LWC and Chl,Pn and Ci,Rv and DW,TRL and RSA all reached an extremely significant level,but LWC and TRL,LRWC and Chl,Chl and H just reached a significant level.Under waterlogging stress,LRWC and RL had an extremely significant correlation,besides,Chl and Rtr,Fv/Fm and H,Fv/Fm and RL,Pn and Ci,Pn and RL were all significantly correlated.Addtionally,the correlation between RSA and RL was up to 0.9.These results showed that there was a certain amout of information overlap.Plant height,root activity,net photosynthetic rate and chlorophyll content could be used as indicators for drought resistance and waterlogging tolerance of wheat at seedling stage.The proline content showed the opposite trend under drought and waterlogging stress: under drought stress,the proline content increased with the increase of stress level;under waterlogging stress,the proline content decreased with the increase of stress duration.(3)For water use efficiency,Zhongmai 7 had the highest water use efficiency of biomass;Aikang 58 and Shengyuan 619 had higher water use efficiency of yield;Yumai 49-198 and Hemai 801 with strong drought resistance had moderate water use efficiency;Zhoumai 22 which is mainly pushed had a moderate level on drought resistance,waterlogging resistance and water use efficiency;04 zhong 36 had the weakest drought resistance,the strongest waterlogging resistance and lower water use efficiency.As to field cultivation,it is suggested wheat varieties which have stable and high yields and higher water use efficiency should be mainly cultivated.For example,Aikang 58,Zhoumai 22,Yumai 49-198 and Fengdecun 1 can be mainly cultivated,and meanwhile,Shengyuan 619,Shangmai 1 and Zhongmai 7 can be cultivated as auxiliary.