Morphological And Histological Observation Of Somatic Embryogenesis In The Different Strains Of Five Cut-Flower Varieties Lilium

Somatic embryogenesis has great theoretical significance in lily.It has bulb breeding,germplasm conservation and genetic engineering technology.There are significant differences in the degree of difficulty of somatic embryogenesis in different varieties of lily.In this paper,the aseptic scale of five varieties of cut flowers lily,'Eyeliner','Strawberry and cream','Triumphator','Double surprise','White heaven',are used for somatic cells Embryo induction,and microscopic observation of somatic embryogenesis and of development of the histomorphology differences.The main results are showed as follows:1 The origin of the five varieties of cut flowers lily somatic embryos has undergone both internal and external origin,and the time of the two origins is different.'White heaven'appeared internal origin at the time of the 7th day and the external origin at the time of the 14th day.'Eyeliner' appeared internal origin at the time of the 7th day,and the external origin of the 10th day.'Triumphator' appeared internal origin at the time of the 7th day,and the external origin on the 10th day.The external origin of the three varieties of cut flowers lily appeared after the internal origin.'Strawberry and cream' appeared external origin at the time of the 7th day and internal origin on the 15th day.'Double surprise' appeared external origin on the 8th day and internal origin on the 10th day.Both two lily somatic embryos first appeared the external origin,and then the internal origin.2 At the beginning of differentiation of the five varieties of lily embryonic cells,it was observed under microscopy that there were ductal tissues found in the embryonic cells originating from the five varieties of cut flowers,and the ducts were present with the embryonic cells.The role of maternal contact exists until the somatic and maternal cells have physiological isolation.3 Five varieties of cut flowers lily somatic embryogenesis have two pathways,indirect occurrence and direct occurrence.Among them,'Strawberry and cream','White heaven' and'Double surprise;were formed in indirect way,and embryonic callus was formed.Embryonic callus was composed of large somatic cells which have big nucleus,dense cytoplasm,and close structure.'Eyeliner' and 'Triumphator' occurred in a direct way,without embryonic cells,and embryonic cells directly differentiate into somatic embryos.4 The somatic embryos development of five varieties of cut flowers lily have experienced globular embryos,heart-shaped embryos,oval-shaped embryos and cotyledons embryos.5 The presence of vascular bundles was observed in the five varieties of lily somatic embryos.The time of occurrence of vascular tissue in the five varieties of cut flowers was different.The vascular tissue of 'Strawberry and cream' and 'Triumphator' began to form earlier at Globular embryo stage,and 'White heaven','Eyeliner,and 'Double surprise' later,in the oval-staged embryonic vascular tissue.6 Appeared of the Physiological isolation in somatic embryos development stage in the five varieties of cut flowers lily.The five varieties of cut flowers lily somatic embryos produced physiological isolation at different time.The globular embryos of five varieties of cut lily are not connected with the scale in the vascular bundles,and produced physiological isolation at the globular embryo stage.The somatic embryos of 'Triumphator' had isolation between the cells in the cotyledon phase.