The Technology And Results Of The Spindle Apple Tree Transform Into Trunk Shape

In this study,the eight-year-old apple was used as the experimental material,and the apple-shaped hull shape was reconstructed as the trunk-shaped technique.The structural characteristics of the trunk and spindle-shaped canopy,the physiological characteristics of the leaves,the light intensity and the fruit quality differences,the results are as follows:(1)Apple spindle-shaped tree-shaped transformation of the main technical key points:the spindle-shaped center dry all the branches of the sparse,retain the strong center dry;spring carved buds,smear hair follicle to promote the germination of budding new shoots;The location of the appropriate growth of the middle of the 50 branches,evenly distributed in the center dry,branches grow about 50 cm when topping,side buds coated hair follicles,carved buds,promote new shoots,the formation of small main branch;Small main branch angle,opening angle 100-120 °;small main branch 15 cm ring cut 2-3 road,to control the crown,to promote the purpose of flower bud formation.(2)After transformation,the main trunk tree tree canopy structure: the tree height is about 3.2m,the crown width is 1.9 × 1.7m,which is 56.08% less than the spindle-shaped crown;the branches are 27-46 million / hm2,Of the ratio of 52:69:99,the short branches accounted for 76.36% of the total amount of branches,increased by 25.76% than the spindle shape;branch opening angle of 100-120 °,opening angle increased by 40 °,tree structure opening,long The growth of medium and short branches can form flower buds and result.The branches are evenly distributed in the center and the canopy structure is reasonable.(3)The diurnal variation of light intensity of trunk and spindle-shaped canopy showed a single peak curve,and the light intensity difference was obvious.The light intensity of the trunk-shaped canopy was 37.51% higher than that of the middle layer,19.07% higher than that of the middle layer,and the external light intensity of the crown was 6.70 times.In thesame canopy,the light intensity from top to bottom is 1.71 times higher than that of spindle,respectively 2.17 times and 4.39 times.The tree transformation obviously improves the illumination environment,especially the lower illumination condition is improved obviously.(4)The quality of the fruit is further improved due to the improvement of light.The fruit quality of the trunk shape was higher than that of the spindle shape,and the fruit color index was higher than that of the spindle shape.The fruit weight was 283.60 g higher than that of the spindle shape by 14.97%,and the fruit diameter was higher than that of the spindle %;Intrinsic quality difference is not significant.Through the tree transformation,improved fruit appearance quality.(5)After the transformation of the trunk-shaped apple production: the main trunk shape of different canopy(from top to bottom)the number of results than the ratio of 40:36:33 the number of individual results 110 than the spindle-shaped high 25.00%;yield of 31.48 kg per plant Spindle shape 45.00% higher,the yield per unit area 3462.76 kg / 666.7m2,44.38%higher than the spindle-shaped,trunk-shaped significantly increased production,to achieve the effect of high yield.In summary: the trunk shape of the light distribution,fruit yield and quality are better than the spindle.Indicating that through the tree transformation to achieve the improvement of light,fruit quality and improve the effect of production,trunk tree shape better,worthy of promotion.