Design And Research On Pneumatic Metering Device With Cup Spoon Type For Potato

Potatoes are one of China’s four major food crops,have a short short growth period,abundant nutrition,high yield and strong adaptability.At present,China’s potato planting area and full production capacity has been located in the world’s first place,while the level of per unit area yield is lower than the world level,the full mechanization of potato has become the bottleneck of China’s potato industry development,high efficient and reliable potato seed metering device is the urgent demand for full mechanization.Potato seed metering device is the core of seeding machinery,the quality of seeding directly influence the quality of potato production.In this paper,based on the systematic comparison and analysis of at home and abroad potato mechanized sowing techniques,combined with the requirements of potato cultivation in China,a kind of pneumatic cup spoon potato seeder was designed.The seed metering device was mainly composed of the box and the intermittent feed mechanism,the current limiting baffle,the seed conveying chain,the seed chamber,the air chamber shell,the feeding tube,the cup spoon and so on part,uses the cup spoon and the strength row seed row way to improve the seed performance to reduce the potato damage rate.The main contents of this paper include:(1)Physical and mechanical properties of potatoStudy on the physical and mechanical characteristics of potato,which provides the basis for the design of seed metering device.The length of the Zhongshu number 3and the Huashu number 1 are mostly concentrated 45~60mm,the width is mostly concentrated at 40~50mm,and the thickness is concentrated at 30~45mm;Most of the Zhongshu number 3 belong to the round shape,while the Huashu number 1 mostly belongs to the round and oval shape.The radius of curvature measured in Huashu number 1,Huashu number 2 and Hongdao those three kinds of potato at the top of this island mostly concentrated in about 20 mm,the radius of curvature of the waist of the most concentrated in the 30~35mm,the radius of curvature of the bottom are concentrated in about 20 mm.The shape,size and radius of curvature of the potato provide a reference for the design of the key components of the potato planter with pneumatic cups.The mechanical property test of collision damage provides a reference for reducing the damage rate of potato.(2)Design and development of key components of pneumatic cup spoon potatoseed metering deviceBased on the requirement of potato cultivation,a kind of pneumatic cup spoon potato seed metering device was designed,and the relevant parameters of the metering device were designed and calculated.The diameter of the movable plate and the fixed plate are 185 mm,and the 12 holes are uniformly distributed on the circumference of the movable plate.The maximum diameter of the cup spoon is 50 mm by the triaxial dimension and the radius of curvature of the potato.The radius of the cup hemisphere is 30mm;the mixing device composed of sucking tube and cup spoon disturbs the bottom of the potato in the seed chamber,and prevents the occurrence of overhead phenomenon.Through the dynamic analysis of the key position of the metering device working process,obtained a single cup of the suction hole minimum critical vacuum ideal value P1临is 2.1808 KPa,and deduced so as to make the actual minimum critical vacuum P2临metering work pro,provides a reference for the design of vacuum related test.(3)Pneumatic cup spoon type potato seeder performance testThrough the single factor test and the factorial test,the self-designed pneumatic cup spoon potato seeder was tested for seeding performance.The results of single factor test show that the qualified index increases first and then decreases with the increase of the rotation speed of the row axis when the rotational speed of the input shaft is 5 r/min and the vacuum degree of the chamber is 14 KPa,and the rotation speed is 15 r/min And the qualified index increases with the increase of the rotational speed of the input shaft.When the rotational speed of the shaft is 3 r/min,the speed of the shaft is 15 r/min and the air chamber vacuum is 14 KPa.The yield of potato is the most suitable and the qualified index is the highest.When the speed of the input shaft is 5 r/min and the rotation speed is 15 r/min,the qualified index increases with the increase of the vacuum of the chamber.Vacuum degree of 14 KPa,the highest qualified index.The experimental results show that there is a significant interaction between the rotation speed of the row and the speed of the input shaft.The influence of the rotation speed of the row axis is 10 r/min,and the rotation speed is 3 r/min on the impact of experimental indicators is higher than other levels.