Research On Different Irrigation Amount,Organic Fertilizer And Shade On Increasing Quality And Yield Of Yunnan Panax Notoginseng

With the growth process of the plant,water,nutrient and shade are the most important environmental factors.This study was aimed to investigate the effect of different irrigation,organic fertilizer and shade on growth and physiological characteristics,yield,quality,morbidity amount of annual and biennial Panax notoginseng in Yunnan.The experiments for two consecutive years were conducted in the field with three factors of irrigation,organic fertilizer and shade.There were 25 treatments including three irrigation levels(T1:5mm,20%?35%FC;T2:10mm,35%?50%FC;T3:15mm,50%?65%FC;FC:Field Capacity),four organic fertilizer levels(F1:500Kg/hm2,F2:1000Kg/hm2,F3:1500Kg/hm2,F4:3000Kg/hm2),two shade levels(Z1:24.5%,Z2:8.3%),and a control group(Z1T3F0,FO:OKg/hm2).Results were as follows:First of all,the different water-fertilizer-shade interaction effected the soil moisture content,nitrate-nitrogen and organic matter content of the root zone soil of Panax notoginseng plots.The soil moisture content increased with the increase of the irrigation amount and shade and there were little differences between 2000kg/hm2 and 1500kg/hm2 levels.So fertilizing the quantity of organic fertilizer 2000kg?3000kg a unit of area was lack of practical guidance.Under the condition of shade,as the grow in quantity of irrigation water,annual and biennial Panax notoginseng responded differently.Z.2's annual and biennial height were higher than Z1.This study suggested increasing irrigation water to reduce temperature and humidity of the greenhouse and promoting its growth when the shade level was low.In the production practice,the levels of Z1T2,Z1T3 and Z2T2 were better.Suitable irrigation level 10mm and fertilizer level 1000kg/hm2 and 1500kg/hm2 can promote Panax notoginseng's height,stem diameter,leaf area and root size.Under different water-fertilizer-shade treatments,the diurnal variation of Panax notoginseng leaves' net photosynthetic rate,transpiration rate and stomatal conductance were“single-peak curve”and the maximum were at 12:00.The best group was Z1T2F2 and it can improve net photosynthetic rate and decrease transpiration rate of Panax notoginseng leaves' significantly and then to improve water use efficiency.The maximal annual and biennial Panax notoginseng Flowering rate per unit area was under Z2T2F2 treatments about 95.61%,the next were Z1T2F3 and Z1T2F2 about 92.48%and 92.48%.Compared the total dry matter,the result were:Z1T2F3>Z1T2F2>Z2T2F3.Otherwise,in order to save irrigation water and fertilizer,the commendatory treatments were Z1T2F3 or Z1T2F2,in order to reduce the morbidity,the better levels were Z1T2 and Z2T2.Compared Panax notoginseng total saponins content,the maximal was under Z1T2F2 about 11.72%and the principal component analysis studies also found that the comprehensive scores were the highest in Z1T2F2 treatments,it showed ZlT2F2's saponins quality was the best.Under the condition of moderate limited irrigation and appropriate organic fertilizer nutrients can both control the morbidity and ensure the quality of the saponins of Panax notoginseng.Too much or less moisture and nutrition can decrease the quality of panax notoginseng saponins.Overall,in order to save water and fertilizer,improve the yield and ensure the quality,the better water-fertilizer-shade mode was Z1T2F2 of panax notoginseng's planting and the amount of the water-fertilizer-shade was 10mm-1000kg/hm2-24.5%.