Effects Of Cultivation Methods On Physiological And Ecological Characteristics And Yield Of The Potato In Ningxia Southern Mountain Area

In connection with the low temperature and lack of water resources in the southern mountainous area of Ningxia,the experimental study on high efficiency water saving cultivation was carried out in the two growing seasons of Dazui Village,Shuitai Township,Haiyuan County,Zhongwei City in 2015-2016.Experiment with the local extensive planting of Potato tuber cultivars ‘Qingshu NO.9'as research material,set up the Conventional planting(CK),Ridge plant on the ridge of single line(T1),Ridge plant on the ridge of double lines(T2),Ridge half the membrane planting on the ridge of double lines(T3),Ridge the whole film on the ridge of double lines(T4),Ridge half membrane planting on the side of the ridge of double lines(T5),six different cultivation methods,using single factor randomized block design,by the combined method of indoor analysis and field experiments,monitoring soil moisture,temperature,soil enzyme activity,microbial quantity,diurnal variation,potato leaf photosynthetic yield and quality indicators,to systematically study the effects of cultivation methods on dryland ecological physiological characteristics and yields of potato.The following results are obtained:1.The film mulching can effectively be cultivated potato emergence time in advance,improve the germination rate of potato,T3,T4 and T5 compared with the control was ahead of time 7-8d,the germination rate increased by 20.3-20.9 percentage point,T4 the highest germination rate reached 94.1%.Cultivation methods of Ridge Film Mulching can effectively accelerate the potato plant growth and stem diameter,T4 potato plant heights and stem diameter growth were the best,were higher than that of control 32.7cm,3.78 mm.2.Ridging planting and film mulching planting could improve the water content of potato soil,ridging with best in full film.Ridge planting and film mulching planting potato field water use efficiency was significantly higher than the control(P < 0.05),increased by 45.3-55.96 percentage point,T4 has the highest water use efficiency,increased 51.1kg/hm2 mm.3.Ridging planting and film mulching planting can improve the photosynthesis of potato leaves.The processing of potato leaf net photosynthetic rate,transpiration rate and stomatal conductance in the average value of potato growth period was increased by 0.965-3.64 molm-2s-1 compared with CK,1.13-3.68mmolm-2s-1,0.09-0.415molm-2s-1,T4 is the highest.4.The film mulching can effectively improve the plant quantity of soil microorganisms and enzyme activities.The ridge covered plastic film on the way,the total number of soil microorganism,soil catalase,invertase and phosphatase activity increased by 18.6% and 33.3% respectively compared with the control,0.54%,9.25%;half film film side planting and soil urease activity increased by 19.17% compared with the control.5.The soil temperature of different film mulching modes in each growth period varied greatly,using film(T3,T4,T5)in the treatment of 20-25 cm soil temperature all the potato growth period were significantly higher than the control(P < 0.05),respectively compared with the control up to 2.065 and 2.19 and 2.05? ? ?.6.Ridging planting and film mulching planting can effectively improve the yield and yield of potato,the membrane of ridging with optimal,increased by 52.21%,economic income increased 19005.38 yuan /hm2.In conclusion,Ridging the whole film on the ridge of double lines cultivation mode can effectively improve the physiological and ecological characteristics of potato at the southern mountainous area of Ningxia,increase production and revenue obviously so that suggest as the dominant mode of local potato planting.