Evaluation Of Effect Of Dififeient Soil Surface Mulching Measure On Soil Physical Property And Growth Of Maize

Drought and water shortage,as the big one of agricultural problems,restricted agricultural production.Soil surface mulching is an effective method to solve the problem of water shortage in arid agricultural regions.In order to determine the appropriate surface mulching measures in semi-arid areas,an experiment of randomized block design was conducted.We studied the effects of three kinds of soil surface mulching measures(including plastic film mulching,gravel mulching and straw mulching)and control on soil property(including soil water,soil temperature,the porosity and the capacity of water holding),the rate of emergence and maize growth in Yanchi county;Using the section staining method coupled with image analysis investigates the characteristic of soil preferential flows and the distribution of soil pore space of three kinds soil surface mulching(including plastic film mulching,gravel mulching and straw mulching).This paper presents the results of the laboratory simulating experiment conducted to evaluate the effect of two parameters of the mulch-grain size and plastic film residue on soil moisture infiltration;Using the AHP-fuzzy synthetic evaluation method evaluates the appropriate of three kinds soil surface mulching measures,the results showed that:1)Plastic film mulching and gravel mulching had good effects of increasing soil temperature which is conducive to the emerging,jointing and prolongs the growth period of the crop;Three kinds of soil surface mulching measures can preserve the soil moisture,but the effect of gravel mulching on soil water retention was the most significant;the porosity and the capacity of water holding in the soil surface mulching treatments were increased,but the bulk and the total salt were decreased compared to the CK,and the soil structures were improved.2)The rate of emergence in plastic film mulching and gravel mulching was higher and the rate of emergence in straw mulching was lower than CK in 2015,the rate of emergence in CK was higher than straw mulching instead in 2016;Three kinds of soil surface mulching measures can increase the plant height,the stem diameter values,leaf area of maize in emergence,jointing,trumpet and heading;Three kinds of soil surface mulching measures can increase the yield of maize,and the yield with gravel mulching was the highest,followed by plastic film mulching and the straw mulching compared to the CK.3)The depth of brilliant blue infiltration was differed significantly in four kinds measures,and it was maximum in plastic film mulching followed by gravel mulching;The dyed area percentage was maximum on the soil surface and showed a trend of fluctuating downward with the increase of soil depth;Preferential flow was significant in plastic film mulching and gravel mulching;The three kinds mulching measures can increase the soil pore space on soil surface(0-30cm)and the quantity of pore space with deep soil horizon in plastic film mulching and gravel mulching was also higher than CK.4)The effect of two parameters of the mulch-grain size and plastic film residue on soil moisture infiltration in the laboratory simulating experiment:The results of the mulch-grain size on soil moisture infiltration in laboratory showed that:The gravel mulching can increase the cumulative infiltration compared to CK;Grain size among 1-2 cm was maximum of the variation of wetting front and grain size among 0.25-0.5 cm was maximum of the cumulative infiltration with the same time and thickness in the experiment;The results of plastic film residue with different depth on soil moisture infiltration showed that:Plastic film residue can prevent water infiltrating compared to CK.The cumulative infiltration and the variation of wetting front in CK was higher than that in the depth of plastic film in 0-5 cm and 5-10 cm with the same time.5)The results of AHP-fuzzy comprehensive evaluation of three kinds of soil surface mulching measures showed that:The overall evaluation of GM followed the PM in three kinds of soil surface mulching measures.The results of the evaluation of the weight of each evaluation index and the income generated in 2015 and 2016 showed that:the effect of the covering material on the soil structure and crop growth was taken into account in the selection of the covering material and the resulting.At the same time,in the calculation of the yield based on the price of maize market and the cost of mulching in the year of 2015 and 2016,the gains of GM were highest followed by PM treatment.6)In conclusion:The results of the effect in different soil surface mulching measures on characteristics of soil hydro-thermal property and maize showed that:Gravel mulching had good effects of increasing soil temperature and preserving the soil moisture,and the soil structures were improved which was conductive to the maize growth and increased the yield of maize significantly;So the gravel mulching can be used widely in Yan chi county.