| In this paper,Choose Yuanshan scenic area of Shenzhen city as the research area,from August 2015 to April 2016,three kinds of urban forests in the scenic area were selected as the experimental plots.In different seasons plots within 24 hours in the forest,microclimate and vegetation data collection and statistics,studied the temporal spatial pattern of forest landscape and typical sound the type of sound selection rule of temporal and spatial variation characteristics based on acoustic and physiological changes in the subjective evaluation test of landscape.The following conclusions are drawn:(1)Seasonal forest soundscape characteristics: forest landscape change in sound and rich in birdsong,weak overall change of forest landscape in the summer insects sound,and the sound environment lively,autumn and winter forest landscape in the quiet,peaceful and sound.(2)Diurnal variation in different seasons:(1)Spring birds diurnal variation showed "U" type,there are two day peak,the first peak occurred at 5:00-7:00,second 17:00-19:00 peak occurred in the evening;diurnal variation of 3 insects and troughs,concentrated in the active period of 7:00-15:00,5:00-7:00 in the morning and evening 17:00-19:00 the weakest.In the spring of Chongming activity period and active period of the weakest birds of birds and insects that overlap,spring has a "shift" in the law.(2)The diurnal variation of summer birds showed "N" type,there are two day peak,the first peak occurred at 7:00-9:00,second 17:00-19:00 peak occurred in the evening;insect activity has two troughs,occurred at 23:00-1:00 and 11:00-13:00 between the afternoon.Active period concentrated between 3:00-9:00 and 17:00-23:00.(3)The autumn and winter birds on changes in the "W" or "three peaks and two valleys" type of birds,the peak activity appeared in the morning between 7:00-9:00 and 15:00-17:00 in the afternoon;insect activity has 3 day peak,respectively in the morning,noon and night 3:00-5:00 11:00 19:00-21:00,were mainly concentrated in the 21:00-active period of Ming the next day 1:00.Has a certain synergy in winter autumn insects and birds,showing the variation of each other ".(3)the variation of the frequency of the chirp: the frequency of the chirp is most abundant in spring,followed by autumn,winter and summer.The most abundant insects sound frequency changes in summer,followed by spring,autumn and winter is the last.Insects and birds in different seasons with time-dependent frequency showed different characteristics,showed that the 3 city in the forest birds and insects and active species with significant difference.(4)Changes of space activities: bird birds more abundant,tree layer of lower Shannon-wiener index,Pielou index and Simpson index is higher,and the shrub layer and the indexes of birds activities no significant correlation.In addition,the vertical structure is distributed evenly,the layers are rich and reasonable,which is favorable for the birds to fly.(5)Using the method of satisfaction score and SD survey to evaluate the forest landscape,the results show that the evaluation of different types of forest voice is better than that of urban sound.Among them,the sound of birds often has the voice of clear,rich changes and strong sense of rhythm characteristics;the sound of insects with sound rough,change single,rhythm and weak characteristics of birds and insects;mixed sound with sound environment lively,emotional characteristics such as easy to cause.(6)The analysis of the effect of forest sound landscape on the results shows that the forest voice has a positive effect on the human body,which can make the human body more stable and pleasant.The most obvious effect of birdsong on physiological index changes,insects.Through the correlation analysis with the psychological evaluation,it was found that the degree of preference of forest landscape can be reflected by heart rate,respiratory rate and skin conductivity.This paper from the two aspects of objective and subjective analysis and evaluation of the Shenzhen mountain park scenic area 3 urban forest landscape resources,in order to provide some ideas and methods of forest soundscape research in the future,the forest landscape resources exploration and protection of precious,people can enjoy a variety of high-quality sound forest landscape. |
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