| At present,Dalbergia odorifera is one of the most widespread precious na tive tree species in Hainan Province.In recent years,driven by the economic i nterests of Dalbergia Dalbergia,wild resources reduce day by day,and the ma rket is getting higher and higher value.In this situation,to solve the quality o f dalbergia wood source only rely on native tree plantation.Along with the inc rease of planting Dalbergia odorifera area,pest and disease problems have bec ome increasingly prominen.Acorrding to our survey The main diseases of Dalberg ia odorifera plantation planted area is anthracnose.The incidence of anthracnose in ge neral more than 70%,which seriously affect their health management.At present the r elated report is seldom found.This paper found out the current situation of anthracnose of Dalbergia odorifera i n Hainan province,studing on morphological and molecular method to identification t he Dalbergia odorifera anthracnose,the biological characteristics of Dalbergia odorife ra anthracnose and occurrence regularity and the 10 kinds of the sterilization contro 1 of Anthracnose of agent control effect,obtain a method for effective prevention o f Dalbergia odorifera anthracnose.The main results are as follows:1 The census results of Hainan Dalbergia Dalbergia anthracnose in 15 counties and municipalities:The incidence of Dalbergia odorifera artificial pure forest was 91.13%,the disease index was 65.27.The incidence of Dalbergia odorifera artificial mixed forest was 88.16%,the disease index was 60.38.Nursery stock's disease incidence rate is 63.35%,the disease index was 34.06.the Dalbergia odorifera Anthracnose is serious occurrenced in Changjiang,Wuzhishan,Chengmai,Danzhou,Qionghai and so on.2 The Morphological and molecular identification of Dalbergia odorifera anthracnose.The anthracnose which will turns to atrovirens after about 5 days grows in PDA medium and its bacterial colony initially is white,byssoid and circular with regular edges.Hypha is colorless but has septums.After 5d of culture,remove the colony to 4?,and pink conidia heap will generate after 15 days.The conidia are similar in appearance which includes monoplast,colorless,oval and blunt in one or both ends.The average size of most strains' conidia is(13.0-19.05)?m×(4.25-5.93)?m.The rDNA-ITS sequences can be acquired by sequencing and MEGA5.0 is used here to build the Phylogenetic tree which finds that the homology between the dalbergia odorifera gloeosporioides and colletotrichum gloeosporioides is 99%.Combination the indentifications of morphology and molecular,it can be known that this nosophyte is colletotrichum gloeosporioides.3.The pathogen of Dalbergia odorifera Anthracnose and its biological characteristics.The mycelia could growth under the temperature of 12?-35 ?,the temperature of 28? was the most suitable for Dalbergia odorifera Anthracnose mycelia growth.The mycelia could growth on PDA of which pH was from 4.0-11.0,and the optimal pH was 6.0.And on the alkaline conditions the conidia germination was easy to growth.Conidia germination could growth under the pH of 9-10.Sucrose carbon was the best for mycelial growth,the colony diameter reached 69.83mm;Followed by mannitol?lactose,the colony diameter reached 67.83mm and 66.00mm;Starch carbon was worst for mycelial growth.the colony diameter was 60.50mm.Among the tested nitrogen sources in Czapek liquid medium,urea nitrate was the favorable for mycelaia growth.The dry weight was 0.69g;Followed by histidine and glycine,the dry weight were 0.68g?0.67g.Mycelial growed slower among the peptone,potassium nitrate,ammonium chloride and yeast extract.The mycelial growth was slightly differences from different factor of light.Initially,the disease was mile and extended slowly between January to April;From May to August,with the increase of rainfall and temperature,the disease index increased.From mid-August to late October,the disease index almost linearly and extended fast.From November to February,it became stabilized gradually.So it should be use the pesticides for prevention;From May to August,It has the need to conduct more field observation,and appropriate medication;Before the Mid-August,It has the need to spraying pesticides ahead of schedule,prevent from the outbreaks of the disease until the late October;From November to Febuary,according to the circumstances.4.Research of Dalbergia odorifera Anthracnose Insecticides.The inhibition of ten fundicides to mecelia growth wad tested.EC50:Chlorothalonil 231.4162mg/L.Difenoconazoleazole 3.6027mg/L,Kresoxim 1.5751mg/L,Thiophanate 4.5117mg/L,Propiconazole 0.1150mg/L,Zhongshengmycin 19.3600mg/L,Mancozeb 79.7592mg/L,Baitai 0.1525mg/L,Carbendazim 11.4660mg/L,Flusilazole 1.1200mg/L?The order was:Propiconazole>Baitai>Flusilazole>Kresoxim>Difenoconazoleazole>Thiophanate>Carbendazim>Zhongshengmycin>Chlorothalonil>Mancozeb.It shows that the Propiconazole,Baitai,Flusilazole have better effect,but the price of flusilazole and baitai is higher than others,recommended that Flusilazole and Baitai use on the prevention of seedings anthracnose.The 4 pesticides Propiconazole,kresoxim,Zhongshengmycin,thiophanate are from 10.After the continuous appilcation of 4 pesticides,The control efficiency were 36.36%,33.31%,31.22%,22.70%.Rotation to use the 4 pesticides,the efficiency was 71.53%,significantly higher than the other way around.It is effective to use the four kinds of pesticides in turn,every 15 days.Choose cloudy or sunny days,between(8:00-10:00)or 15:00-17:00,spraying. |
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