| It has become an important task and urgent scientific problem to promote the recovery of natural secondary forest by forest management.The experimental forest farm of Danqinhe in Harbin,Heilongjiang Province,is one of the pilot projects of national forest tending and management.There is a large area of secondary Quercus mongolica forest.In order to improve the community structure and the ecosystem service function of secondary Quercus mongolica forest,the forest farm began to carry out the comparative test of different operating modes in the Quercus mongolica natural secondary forestwith the same initial conditions(The stand age is about 63 years,and the density is about 850 /hm2)from 1999.As one of the research contents of fund project of national natural science," multi-objective management research based on the plant functional traits of natrual secondary Quercus mongolica forest"(31570633),this paper regarded natrual secondary Quercus mongolica forest in the forest farm of Danqinghe in Harbin,Heilongjiang province as the objects,we comparatively analysedthe effects of the target tree management model(MSR1),ecological system management model(MSR2)and no interference model(MSR3)on forest community structure,species diversity,timber production,carbon sequestration ability and the comprehensive economic value of forest.The results of this study are expected to provide technical support for the recovery of natural secondary forests and sustainable forest management,and to provide scientific basis for the national forest quality improvement project.The data of stand structure and ecosystem function were obtained by sample survey and laboratory test.By using the method of literature,interview,investigation and other methods of getting the price and price of forest carbon sink,and based on the net present value principle and the Hartmann model,the paper analyzed the cost benefit of forest management,and analyzed the sensitivity of the integrated economic value to the discount rate,the price of wood and the price of carbon sink.The results are as follows:(1)Effects of different management models on community structure and biodiversity.Three kinds of management models of dominant species were Quercus mongolica,dominance of Quercus mongolicawere respectively MSR1(55.13%)、MSR2(78.07%)、MSR3(79.59%)andno interference and ecosystem management modelwere significantly greater than target tree management model(p< 0.05);dominance ofPinus koraiensis were respectivelyMSR1(32.33%)、MSR2(7.74%)、MSR3(0.29%),and compared with other two models,the target management modelwere significantly greater(p< 0.05);No interference models on average factors,diameter structure and basal area of vertical distribution were superior to target tree management model and ecosystem management model(p< 0.05).Ecosystem management model of the shrub layer was significantly greater than the influence of target tree model and no interference(p< 0.05),and three kinds of management models of species diversity on other forest layers had no significant difference(p< 0.05);The greater the degree of human disturbance,the greater the difference.(2)Effects of different management models on timber yield and carbon storage.The timber harvest were respectively 184.31 m~3/hm~2(MSR1,)114.76 m~3/hm~2(MSR2),227.53 m~3/hm~2(MSR2),while the volume of no interference pattern was significantly lager than the other two modes,and there were no noteworthydiference between ecosystem management and target tree model(P<0.05);In terms of lumber yield,the order wasrespectively 52.49 m~3/hm~2(MSR1),9.86 m~3/hm~2(MSR2),137.88 m~3/hm~2(MSR3),while no interference pattern of volume was significantly greater than the other two models,and there were no noteworthydiference between ecosystem management and target tree model(P<0.05);The biomass of three different business models of wererespectively 52.41 t/hm2(MSR1),89.83 t/hm2(MSR2),237.52 t/hm2(MSR3),while the biomassof no interference modelwas significantly greater than the other two models(P<0.05),there were no noteworthydiference between ecosystem management and target tree model(P<0.05);Wood carbon were respectively 23.06 t/hm2(MSR1),39.53 t/hm2(MSR2),104.51 t/hm2(MSR3),while the biomassof no interference pattern was significantly greater than the other two models(P<0.05),there were no noteworthydiference between ecosystem management and target tree model(P<0.05).(3)Economic performance comparison of different business models.The net present value of wood was classified as target tree management model(216,200 yuan/hm2)> no interference model(210,300 yuan/hm2)> ecosystem management model((203,100 yuan/hm2);Under the four kinds of carbon sink price,the value of carbon sequestration was no interference model> target tree management model> ecosystem management model;When the price of carbon sink was920.64 yuan /t and 282.55 yuan/t,the economic value of forest was classified as no interference model> target tree management model> ecosystem management model.When the carbon sink pricewas 78.08 yuan /t and 48.53 yuan /t,the comprehensive economic value of forest was classified as the target tree management model> no interference model> ecosystem management model.The discount rate and the sensitivity index of the forest price were the target tree management model> ecosystem management model> no interference model.The sensitivity index of carbon sink price was no interference model> target tree management model= ecosystem management model.Finally,some suggestions were put forward to improve the recovery and to enhance the quility of Quercus mongolica natural secondary forest:(1)The techical system of target tree management model should be built.(2)Tthe manaegement systerm of target tree management model should be optimized.To sum up,because the Mongolian oak is a tree for a long period of time,the effects of three models operations within a short period of time had not been fully revealed.So the long-term monitoring and forecasting simulation should be carried on to improve the management measures constantly in the subsequent management. |
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