Research For Water,salt And Temperature Change Law Under Ditch And Mulched Drip Irrigation Of Grape

Xinjiang is an important grape production base in China,but due to salinization and water shortage,it is serious about grape every year.Ditch and drip irrigation under mulch technical combines the advantages of drip irrigation under mulch and trenching technology,in theory;it could improve the soil and water environment.In order to research for water,salt and temperature change law during the grape growth season under ditch and mulched drip irrigation,a field experiment was carried out in 2016,and the grape planted Early Fred.During the experiment,the change law of three irrigation quota and two ditching mode on the soil moisture,salt and temperature in each soil layer was studied.Meanwhile,the CI-600 monitoring system was used to monitor the grape root during the growth period.The main conclusions and results are as follows.(1)Before irrigation,affected by soil texture,the average soil water content of 60 ~ 100 cm in the whole 150 cm*100 cm section was most;affected by soil covered,0 ~ 20 cm surface water content middle of the film was higher than the bare area.After irrigation,then the interval might be 48 h,the increase of soil water content middle of the film and under the drop was obvious;affected by trenching;the increase of soil water content edge of the film was not obvious;outside the film,with the distance from the emitter increasing,soil water content was gradually reduced by irrigation.Under condition of the same irrigation time,increasing irrigation quota was beneficial for the water diffusion to the bottom of the drip tape belt;decreasing irrigation quota was beneficial for the water diffusion to the vertical depth.(2)Grape seed maturity stage was not affected by film mulching,after irrigation,the water content of 0 ~ 60 cm soil layer was smaller than that of film mulching;grape flowering stage and grape fruit enlargement stage was affected by film mulching,with the decreasing of irrigation quota,the upper field moisture capacity area decreased gradually in the whole 150 cm*100 cm section.When not film mulching,after irrigation,the upper field moisture capacity area decreased significantly in the whole 150 cm*100 cm section.With the width of ditch decreasing,after irrigation and the interval might be 48 h,the increment middle of the film and edge of the was larger.(3)During the period of grape growth,the average temperature of the main root layer of 0 ~ 60 cm and 0 ~ 100 cm soil layer could provide a good temperature environment for the growth of grapes.With the decreasing of irrigation quota,the temperature difference between the “middle of the film” and “edge of the film” was increasing.With the width of ditch decreasing,the temperature of 0 ~ 60 cm soil layer middle of the film increased about 1 ~ 2 degree.(4)After irrigation,middle of the film(distance from emitter 0,30 cm),the soil salt content of 0 ~ 60 cm soil layer decreased significantly,the soil salt content of 60 ~ 100 cm soil layer increased significantly.Affected by 20 cm furrow height,after irrigation,edge of the film(distance from emitter 60 cm),the soil salt content of 0 ~ 40 cm soil layer increased,the soil salt content of 40 ~ 100 cm soil layer decreased,it provided a larger space for grape root and developed the side of the furrow;outside of the film(distance from emitter 90,120,150 cm),with the distance increasing,after irrigation,the effect of irrigation water decreased gradually,and the soil salt content accumulated in the surface.(5)Under three irrigation treatment,after irrigation,those all could form a sufficiently large area of moderate,mild salinization in the whole 150 cm*100 cm section;but in the condition of not film mulching and as the same irrigation quota,the moderate,mild salinization area was smaller than film mulching.With the irrigation quota increasing,the soil salt content accumulated in the surface of bare area.With the width of ditch decreasing,middle of the film(distance from emitter 0,30 cm),the soil salt content of 0 ~ 60 cm soil layer decreased significantly,but outside of the film,the soil salt content of 0 ~ 60 cm soil layer was not affected basically.(6)From the grape flowering stage to the grape mature stage,the root growth rate showed the law of “fast-slow-fast”.The development of root was mainly affected by irrigation amount,with the irrigation amount increasing,the dynamic indexes of root growth increased.Under the condition of ditch and drip irrigation under mulch technical,the integrated characters of “Chang” Fred grape were better than “Long” Fred grape.In the ditching mode of 20 cm×100 cm,the grape yield was maximum when the irrigation amount was maximum.