| Sparus macrocephalus and Epinephelus coioides are the main commercial fish in Daya Bay.As quality coastal stock enhancement species,they play an important role in ecological restoration and conservation of resources.The activity space of artificial breeding of releasing fingerlings is limited under intensive farming conditions.Due to lack of swimming activity,the body fat of fish was accumulated,the ability of anti-stress and immunity were decreased,which cause the survival rate of artificial breeding fingerlings was significantly weaker than wild individuals.Therefore,it is necessary to cultivate high-quality S.macrocephalus and E.coioides releasing fingerlings to enhance the releasing effectiveness.In this study,the effects of different swimming training methods on the growth and antioxidant capacity and exercise training on different sizes of S.macrocephalus were investigated.We had explored the feasibility of exercise training enhance body function of S.macrocephalus and E.coioides and the suitable size of hatchery reared juvenile of S.macrocephalus for realeasing.(1)The effects of aerobic exercise training on growth,non-specific immune and antioxidant capacity of S.macrocephalusThe S.macrocephalus were training under four swimming exercise intensity(control group 0bl/s,training group 1.0bl/s,2.0bl/s and 4.0bl/s)for 2 weeks to investigate the effects of swimming exercise on growth,non-specific immune and antioxidant indices.The exercise fish had significantly lower specific growth rate and weight gain rate than unexercise fish,and the survival rate of 4.0bl/s group was lowest.The blood glucose,total cholesterol,triacyglycerol,low density lipoprotein content,glutamic-pyruvic transaminase and glutamic-oxalacetic transaminase activity were decreased significantly in the group of 2.0bl/s,while tatol protein,albumin protein,globulin protein content,alkaline-phosphatase and acid phosphatase activity,total antioxidant capacity and glutathione content were increased significantly.Hydrogen peroxide content,catalase and glutathione peroxidase activity increased with the increasing swimming exercise intensity,while the activity of superoxide dismutase dropped in varying degrees.No significant differences in the content of malondialdehyde and protein carbonyl and the activity of lysozyme was observed among the treatment with various swimming intensity.Two week swimming exercise significantly enhanced serum inhibit hydroxyl free radical capacity.Hepatic total antioxidant capacity and malondialdehyde had no significant changed by various swimming intensity,but glutathione content,alkaline-phosphatase,acid phosphatase and catalase activity were increased with the increase of swimming intensity.The result suggest that swimming exercise training under 2.0bl/s could effectively enhance non-specific immune capacity and survival rate of S.macrocephalus.(2)The effects of exhaustive exercise training on growth,non-specific immune and antioxidant capacity of S.macrocephalusThe S.macrocephalus were training under 3 exhaustive chasing training group(group C,the control group without chasing trainning;group E1: exhaustive chasing training once a day;group E2: exhaustive chasing training twice a day)for 2 weeks to investigate the effects of swimming exercise on growth,non-specific immune and antioxidant indices.The result show: no significant differences in growth between control group and trainning group.Compare with control group,the content of blood glucose and total cholesterol in group E1 and E2 were decreased significantly.The content of triacyglycerol,low density lipoprotein content,glutamic-pyruvic transaminase and glutamic-oxalacetic transaminase activity in group E1 was lowest,while in group E2 was higest.tatol protein,globulin protein content,alkaline-phosphatase and acid phosphatase activity was first increased and then decrease.After exhaustive exercise,total antioxidant capacity and glutathione content,inhibit hydroxyl free radical capacity of group E1 and E2 were decreased significantly while protein carbonyl content of group E2 had increased significantly.The activity of catalase in group E2 was significantly lower than control group.Both activity of lactate dehydrogenase in group E1 and E2 were higher than control group.(3)The effects of aerobic exercise training on growth,hepatic and muscle antioxidant capacity of different size of S.macrocephalusThe present study was conducted to investigate the effect of aerobic exercise training(2bl/s)on growth,hepatic and muscle antioxidant of different size(4-5cm,5-6cm,6-7cm,7-8cm)of S.macrocephalus.The result show that the specific growth rate of 4-5cm group was highest.After training,hepatic total antioxidant capacity of group 6-7cm and 7-8cm were significantly higher than other two group and the content of glutathione of group 7-8cm was highest.The content of muscle malondialdehyde was highest in group 4-5cm.In order to study the survival rate of S.macrocephalus after released in the sea,we designed an experiments in Daya bay to simulate the naturally environment in the sea for 1 month.The result show that the survival rate of untraining group 4-5cm and 5-6cm were sinificant lower than other group and all training group survival rate was close to 100% without predator pressure.Under predator pressure,both 4-5cm and 5-6cm of training and untraining S.macrocephalus have low survival rate.In order to get high survival rate,the length of juvenile S.macrocephalus should be bigger than 7cm.(4)The effects of aerobic exercise training on growth,non-specific immune and antioxidant capacity of E.coioides.The present study was conducted to investigate the effects of exercise training on growth,non-specific immune and antioxidant capacity of E.coioides.The E.coioides was training under four exercise intensity(control group 0bl/s,training group 0.5bl/s,1.0bl/s and 2.0bl/s)for 8 weeks.The results showed that specific growth rate,weight gain rate and survival rate were increased significantly in the 1.0 bl/s group.With the increase of exercise intensity,total protein,globulin protein,complement 3,lysozyme alkaline-phosphatase and acid phosphatase of plasma were firstly increased and then decreased,1.0bl/s group was significantly higher than others;while glutamic-pyruvic transaminase and glutamic-oxalacetic transaminase were firstly decreased and then increased,1.0bl/s group was significantly lower than others.Albumin protein and complement 4 of plasma were not significantly different among treatments.Hepatic total antioxidant capacity,catalase and superoxide dismutase activity were firstly increased and then decreased with the increase of exercise intensity,the 1.0bl/s group was significantly higher than others.The 8 week exercise training has significantly effect on HSP70 mRNA expression,the expression of 1.0bl/s group was highest.The result indicated that 1.0 bl/s exercise intensity could effectively enhance the innate immunity,hepatic antioxidant capacity and improve HSP70 mRNA expression and growth of E.coioides. |
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