Study On The Pharmacodynamics Of Artemisia Annua Powder Anticoccidiosis In Chicken

Chicken coccidiosis is a protozoan disease that is caused by genus Eimeria,with a high rate of morbidity and mortality.It has resulted in great economic loss in the poultry industry every year.However,the prevention and treatment of chicken coccidiosis at present is dominated by drugs,and the problems of the drug resistance and veterinary residues make it hard to prevent and treat coccidiosis.Artemisia annua powder is a new natural product of anticoccidial drugs,developed independently by the author in the laboratory.Its main active ingredient is artemisinin.The preliminary research shows that it can effectively reduce the clinical symptoms caused by chicken coccidia and it is expected to become a new anticoccidial drug.In order to make a further study to artemisia annua powders,the research on its procedure and pharmacodynamics,which is carried out by the author in the laboratory.The results are as follows:Firstly,the study on the preparation process of artemisia annua powders includes that the dried root part of artemisinin medicines are crushed,then pass them through a 40 mesh scree,extracted with 2 hours and extracted repeatedly four times in mass volume ratio of 1: 5 added in Petroleum ether(60-90?).And finally,the extracting solution is recovered and petroleum ether is evaporated to dryness.When artemisinin extractum and supplement are mixed and dried in a mass ratio of 1: 1,and pass through a 100 mesh scree,the product of artemisia annua is made successfully.Secondly,based on Chinese Veterinary Pharmacopoeia,the quality standard of artemisia annua powders is established,and the qualitative and quantitative methods are applied,such as testing its appearance,uniformity and moisture and other methods.RT-HPLC method,of which ZORBAX SB-C18 bonded silica gel column(4.6 x 250 mm,5 ?m),and the column temperature is 35?,the mobile phase is acetonitrile-water(62: 38),at a flow rate of 1.0 mL / min and a test wavelength of 210 nm.The results indicate that artemisinin contents are witnin the range of 0.2~1.2 mg/mL(r=0.999 8).The average recovery rate is 98.48% and the RSD is 0.99%.It turns out the method is specific and easy to operate with high sensitivity.So the above method can be used as a reference for the quality standard of artemisia annua powders.Thirdly,the stability study will provide a scientific basis for artemisia annua powders on their production,packaging,storage,transport conditions and validity and ensure the safety and stability of clinical medication.This research is carried out in three parts: influencing factors test,accelerate test and long-term test.The test of influencing factors illustrates that samples of artemisia annua powders could absorb moisture in high humidity environment.At high temperature,artemisinin contents are decreased to 81.10%.The conditions of accelerated test are as follows: the temperature is 30? ± 2?,the humidity is 65%± 5%.During 6 months of the accelerated test,within the first,second,third,and sixth month,the content of artemisinin in three batches of artemisia annua powders samples is not less than 95%,each inspection items are in line with the requirements.The condition of long-term test is that artemisia annua samples are placed for 9 months at normal temperature.The samples are conducted in the third,sixth,and ninth month.The result states that the content of artemisinin is not less than 95%,whose moisture,uniformity,appearance and other inspection items are in line with the requirements.The above tests show that the property of artemisia annua powders is stable,and it should be stored in the condition below 25 ?,meantime,its packaging should be sealed,avoiding light.Artemisia annua powders can be effective for more than 9 months.Fourthly,in order to investigate the control effect on chicken coccidia,90 healthy yellow feather broilers are selected and divided into 6 groups.In addition to the blank control group,other chickens are infected with Eimeria tenella,with 6×104 sporulated oocysts,and each test group begins to use drugs in the day before the vaccination,until to the end of the test.According to chickens' features in each test group,including their macroscopical lesion,histopathological examination,relative weight-growth rate,lesion scores of pathological changes of cecum,lesion scores of bloody stool,the number of oocysts(OPG),per gram of feces,oocyst score and anticoccidial index(ACI),the thesis makes attempts to evaluate anticoccidia effects.The results reveal that the anti-coccidia indexes between blank control group,infection control group,drug control group and low,middle and high group of anticoccidia indexes are 200,72.23,157.19,82.89,125.32,137.06,respectively.Compared with infection control group,each drug control group and drug supply group of artemisia annua powders,their macroscopical lesion,histopathological examination are under control.Artemisia annul powders can reduce sick chicken's cecum swelling and bleeding and other symptoms,and they are in much better spirits than infection control group.Middle and high group of anticoccidia indexes of artemisia annua powders are higher than 120.Compared with the positive control group,the average weight gain of each drug supply group is significantly different(P <0.05),and their cecal lesion scores,oocyst score and bloody stools decrease.According to the above analysis,artemisia annua powders can alleviate pathological symptoms and tissue lesions infected by Eimeria tenella of chicken cecum,and reduce the amount of feces in the oocysts.The higher concentration of the drug is,the better anti-coccidia effect is,which has a dose dependent effect.In conclusion,the studies in this thesis make us have a preliminary understanding of the preparation process of artemisia annua powders and effects of anti-chicken coccidia,which shall establish the foundation for further clinical trials research.