The Effiency Of Different Measures To Growing Development And Yeild Production Of Soybean In Extremely Precocious Cold Area

This paper aimed at the problems such as low temperature and drought of soybean production in the northeast cold region,studying the effect of different measures to soybean growth and yield.The Local soybean cultivars(Heihe43)was growth under mulching film and high planting density in Jiusanguanliju,Heihe,Heilongjiang,China,in 2015 and 2016.The daily meteorological elements data including temperature,precipitation and insolation duration were collected from 1987-2016 of Nenjiang,Heihe,Heilongjiang,China.The dry weights of root,steam,leaf,petiole and pod of ten plants were measured in 2 weeks internals.Leaf area was measured with an automatic area meter.The growth parameters including crop growth rate(CGR),pod growth rate(PGR),net assimilate rate(NAR)and leaf area index(LAI)were calculated.The photosynthesis and chlorophyll fluorescence parameters were measured.At pod filling stage,the ten leaves of each layer every 10 cm were chosen for measuring the intercepted radiation with simple integrated solarimeter films.The radiation interception per unit leaf area(IRL),the radiation interception per unit ground area(IRG)the amount of radiation interception of each leaf,LAI and accumulated radiation interception of layer every 10 cm were calculated.The conclusion are as follows:(1)The mulching film and increased density can keep soil water and improve soil temperature and receive more radiation interception,improve the efficiency of climate resource use,promote plant growth and production growth.(2)CGR is the important factor to decide the dry matter rise.LAI has positive influence to CGR?TDW and the influence become small with time,So improving LAI is the important measure to enhance the soybean production.The soybean has better growth parameters under mulching film.The growth parameters under D2 density are better than the others among the densities.The each organ of soybean has more dry matter accumulation and better dry matter partition percentage.The soybean plant grows late in the dry years and maintains the high leaf area index.The normal year of the leaf area index can promote the growth of the pod and increase the yield.(3)The single plant of soybean plants has high photosynthetic ability under mulching film and increased density.Mulching film has bigger influence to photosynthetic ability than increased density.The leaves are concentrated in the upper layer of the canopy.The upper canopy radiation interception per unit leaf area is the biggest,the radiation interception per unit leaf area beaome smaller with the decreases of soybean plant height.The LAI is bigger in each layer of canopy of mulching film and increased density treatment,the radiation interception per unit ground area is also concentrated in the upper layer of the canopy.The total radiation interception would be a main factor in dry matter and yield production at pod filling stage.The radiation interception per unit ground area getting bigger with the LAI increase.The mulching film and D2 density(480000 grain / ha)treatment has better LAI and total radiation interception.(4)The mulching film and increased density improve the efficiency of climate resource use,significantly promote production increase.The mulching film and D2 density(480000 grain / ha)treatment get the largest production.The mulching film treatment promote production increase significantly,increased density has the more significantly effect on the basis of the mulching film.