| At present,wheat production management in North China is highly dependent the application of chemical nitrogen fertilizer.In this study,field trials with 6 treatment of T1(CK),T2(single chemical fertilizer nitrogen),T3(cow compost instead of 50% chemical fertilizer nitrogen),T4(straw instead of 50% chemical fertilizer nitrogen),T5(cow compost instead of50% Fertilizer Nitrogen+ Curing Agent)and T6(straw instead of 50% Fertilizer Nitrogen + Curing Agent)was used to study the effects of different organic materials(cow compost and straw)and organic materials(cow compost and straw)combining with straw-decomposing inoculant on soil inorganic nitrogen concentration,soil microbial quantity and activity,soil microbial flora and soil nematode to provided the technical basis for nitrogen fertilizer suitable in wheat production in North China.The main results are as follows:1.Compared with CK treatment,the content of mineral nitrogen of nitrogen fertilizer single application in the soil was significantly increased by 40.22%.Comparing with the single application of chemical fertilizer nitrogen treatment,the treatment of cow compostinstead of 50% fertilizer nitrogen increase soil mineralnitrogen content by 11.77% and 12.36%,respectively in flowering and maturing period.The treatment of straw instead of 50% fertilizer nitrogen was significantly increased by 9.28% in the wheat ripening period.Compared with the cow compost instead of 50% chemical fertilizer nitrogen treatment with straw instead of 50% chemical fertilizer nitrogen treatment,further adding decomposing agent had no significant effect on soil inorganic nitrogen during growth period.2.Compared with CK treatment,the content of soil microbial biomass carbon and microbial biomass nitrogen ofnitrogen fertilizer single application increased by 21.48% and 19.10%,9.27% and 60.61%,8.56% and 68.48% respectively in the three growth stages of wheat.Compared with the single application of chemical fertilizer nitrogen treatment,the treatment of cow compost instead of 50% fertilizer nitrogen and straw instead of 50% fertilizer can be increased microbial biomass carbonby 7.42% and 2.66% at the later stage of wheat growth.Comparing the treatment of cow compost instead of 50% fertilizer nitrogen,the content of soil microbial biomass carbon and microbial biomass nitrogen had no significant effect with the treatment of strawinstead of 50% fertilizer nitrogen.Compared with the cow compost instead of 50% chemical fertilizer nitrogen treatment with straw instead of 50% chemical fertilizer nitrogen treatment,further adding decomposing agent had no significant effect on soil microbial biomass carbon and microbial biomass nitrogenduring growth period.3.Compared with CK treatment,the soil respiration intensity of single application of chemical fertilizer nitrogen treatment increased by 9.64% at the flowering stage compared with the former.Compared with the single application of nitrogen fertilizer,the soil respiration intensity of the treatment cow compost instead of 50% fertilizer nitrogenand thetreatment of straw instead of 50% fertilizer nitrogen increase 51.93% and43.99%,37.13%and 27.32%,respectilively.Compared withthe treatment of straw instead of 50% fertilizer nitrogen,the soil respiration intensity inthe treatment of cow compost instead of 50% fertilizer nitrogen increase 7.70% than the foemer in the mature period.Compared with the cow compost instead of 50% chemical fertilizer nitrogen treatment with straw instead of 50% chemical fertilizer nitrogen treatment,further adding decomposing agent had no significant effect on soil respiration intensity during growth period.4.Compared with CK treatment,the number of fungi in the treatment of single single application of chemical fertilizer nitrogen increased by 12.12%,9.93% and 37.07%,respectivelyin the three growth stages of wheat.Compared with the single application of chemical fertilizer nitrogen treatment,the number of bacteria in cow compost instead of 50% fertilizer nitrogen treatment increased by 11.01%,40.50% and 93.04%,respectivelyin the three growth stages of wheat.The number of actinomycetes increased with the former by 16.13%,27.12% and 43.01% respectively.The number of fungi was 19.35% and 27.89% higher than the former in the stage of flowering period and mature period.The number of bacteria in the treatment of straw instead of 50% fertilizer nitrogen was increased by 33.02% and 72.75% than the treatment of cow compost instead of 50% fertilizer nitrogenat the flowering and maturing stages.The number of actinomycetes increased by 13.03% and 28.22 respectively in flowering and maturing stages.The number of fungi increased by 15.32%,60.32% and 27.89% respectively in three periods.Compared with straw instead of 50% fertilizer nitrogen,the number of bacteria increase 5.62% and 11.74% in treatment of cow compost instead of 50% fertilizer nitrogen at the flowering and mature stage.the number ofactinomycetes in the treatment of cow compost instead of 50% fertilizer nitrogen increase 11.16%and 11.54% than former.the number of fungi in the treatment of straw instead of 50% fertilizer nitrogen increase 9.04%,32.70%,26.46% than the treatment of cow compost instead of 50% fertilizer nitrogen in three growth period.Compared with the cow compost instead of 50% chemical fertilizer nitrogen treatment with straw instead of 50% chemical fertilizer nitrogen treatment,further adding decomposing agent had no significant effect on soilmicrobial flora during growth period.5.The total number of soil nematodes increased with the extension of wheat growth period.Compared with CK,the total number of nematodes increased than former in the treatment of single application of chemical fertilizer nitrogenby 103.24% and 39.52%,respectively,in the jointing and flowering period.Bacterivores netamodewas 83.26% and 22.97% higher than former in three growth period.Fungivores nematode was 596.67%,202.08% and 225.00% higher than formerin three growth period.Comparedwith single chemical fertilizer,the number of Bacterivores netamode in the treatment of Cow compost instead of 50% fertilizer nitrogen and straw instead of 50% fertilizer nitrogen increase 286.55% and 212.94%,349.735 and 295.06%,497.08% and 404.87%.,respectively in the three growth period.The number of Fungivores nematode increased by 76.08% and 89.95%,167.59% and 227.59%,320.19% and 391.35%,respectivelyin the three growth period.Compared with straw instead of 50% fertilizer nitrogen,the number of Bacterivores netamode in the treatment of cow compost instead of 50% fertilizer nitrogen increase 23.51%,13.83%,18.26,respectively in three growth period.Compared with cow compost instead of 50% fertilizer nitrogen,The number of Fungivores nematode inthe treatment of straw instead of 50% fertilizer nitrogen treatment increase by22.42%and16.93% in the flowering and mature stage.organic materials were further added with maturity The treatment of the ingredients has no significant effect on the yield.Compared with the cow compost instead of 50% chemical fertilizer nitrogen treatment with straw instead of 50% chemical fertilizer nitrogen treatment,further adding decomposing agent had no significant effect on soil nematodes during growth period.6.Compared with CK treatment,the yield of wheat in the treatment of single application of chemical fertilizer nitrogen was 12.33% higher than former.Compared with the treatment of single application of chemical fertilizer nitrogen,the yield in the treatment of cow compost instead of 50% chemical fertilizer nitrogenwith was 8.06% higher than former.There is on significant effect on yield between the treatment of straw instead of 50% chemical fertilizer nitrogen and the treatment of single chemical fertilizer nitrogen application.Compared with the treatment of straw instead of 50% chemical fertilizer nitrogen,the yield was increased 12.68% in the treatment of cow compost instead of 50% chemical fertilizer nitrogen.Compared with the cow compost instead of 50% chemical fertilizer nitrogen treatment with straw instead of 50% chemical fertilizer nitrogen treatment,further adding decomposing agent had no significant effect on yield of wheat during growth period.7.Compared with CK,the nitrogen use efficiency of the treatment of single application of chemical fertilizer nitrogen is 17.4%.Compared with the treatment of single application of chemical fertilizer nitrogen,the nitrogen use efficiencyof the treatment of cow compost instead of 50% chemical fertilizer nitrogenincrease 8.4.thenitrogen use efficiencyof the treatment of straw instead of 50% chemical fertilizer nitrogendecrease 2.9.Compared with the treatment of straw instead of 50% chemical fertilizer nitrogen,the nitrogen use efficiencyof the treatment of cow compost instead of 50% chemical fertilizer nitrogen increase 11.3.Compared with the cow compost instead of 50% chemical fertilizer nitrogen treatment with straw instead of 50% chemical fertilizer nitrogen treatment,further adding decomposing agent had no significant effect on nitrogen use efficiency during growth period.In view of the above,according to effect of different organic materials(cow compost,straw)and its combination with the curing agent 50% fertilizer nitrogen in high fertility soil application,found that 50% of the cow compost instead of fertilizer nitrogen treatment was best for increasing soil inorganic nitrogen,The number and activity of microorganisms,microbial flora,soil animal and crop yield,followed by straw instead of 50% fertilizer nitrogen treatment.Therefore,in the high fertility soil,it can used cow dung instead of 50% fertilizer nitrogen fertilization program to enhance soil fertility and health,and promote crop yield. |
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