Study On Cultivar Selection For Drought Resistance And Water Saving And Their Cultivation Modes

In order to investigate drought-resistance and water-saving wheat cultivar and their cultivation modes in Henan rain-fed region.We carried out the experiment for wheat cultivars selection with drought-resistant and water-saving in the 2015-2016 at the Henan Agricultural University Science Garden and Luoyang Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences,and different cultivation modes in Mengjin of Luoyang,through the experimental investigation and analysis,initially established key technology of water saving cultivation of drought resistance in wheat in rain-fed region(no irrigation condition and there are limit conditions for irrigation water only once).The main results are as follows:1.Cultivar selection for drought resistance and water savingThrough the selection of plant height stress index(EHSI)and drought resistance index(DI),Luohan 1,Luohan 2,Luohan 7 and Jinmai 47 had drought resistance under irrigation condition,and were suitable for planted in rain-fed region(Non-irrigation condetions).However,Yumai 49-198,Pingan 8,Zhoumai 18,Huaimai 33,Annong 0701 and Liangxing 99 had good characteristics of drought-resistance and water-saving under limited irrigation conditions(Irrigation at jointing).2.Dry matter accumulation and transportCompared with irrigation conditions,under non-irrigation(W0)decreased dry matter accumulation and transfer amount,but the pre-anthesis dry matter transfer rate and contribution rate is highest;by equidistant row cultivation method and sowing quantity at 187.5 kg/hm~2,easy to obtain high dry matter yield.Under the conditions of irrigation water once in the jointing stage(W1),the translocation to gains of dry matter stored in vegetative organs after anthesis is higher than other cultivars of Pingan 8,Huaimai 33,Annong 0701,Yumai 49-198,Liangxing 99,by No-till wide seeding and sowing quantity at 187.5-225 kg/hm~2 is conducive to achieving higher biological yield,lay the foundation for the high yield of wheat.3.Soil water content and water use efficiencyThe results showed that with the increase of irrigation,the soil water consumptionof wheat decreased,the total water consumption in the whole growth period increased significantly.The water use efficiency of Huaimai 33,Aikang 58,Pingan 8,Annong0701 and Zhoumai 18 was higher than that of other cultivars under the conditions of irrigation water once in the jointing stage(W1).No-till wide seeding and equidistant row cultivation method is conducive to increasing soil water storage,improve soil moisture.4.Yield and its componentsIn the cultivar selection for water saving experiment,the yield of wheat was from3620.7 to 8563.2 kg/hm~2.Irrigation at jointing(W1)increased yield by 27.9%compared with W0 treatment.Among different cultivars,the yield of Huaimai 33 was higher than other cultivars,which increased by 82.4%(W0)and 77.4%(W1)compared with Shimai 22.In terms of yield components,irrigation treatment significantly increased the number of effective panicles,W1 increased by 31.0%compared with W0.In the experiment of different cultivation modes,the yield of wheat under no irrigation between 3569.4 and 6966.7 kg/hm~2,the yield of equidistant row cultivation method and sowing quantity at 187.5 kg/hm~2 is higher,up to 6966.7kg/hm~2;the yield of wheat under the conditions of irrigation water once between5761.7 and 7541.7 kg/hm~2,the yield of No-till wide seeding and sowing quantity at187.5 kg/hm~2 and equidistant row cultivation method and sowing quantity at 187.5kg/hm~2 are higher,up to 7451.0 kg/hm~2 and 7541.7 kg/hm~2.Increased production mainly showing that the spike number increased by 23.9%(No irrigation)and 21.2%?23.9%(Irrigation land)compared with the wide seeding.The above results show that choose the appropriate cultivar for drought resistance and water saving,to take No-till wide seeding and equidistant row cultivation method,storing water to keep the moisture of the soil,spraying drought resistant preparations and other measures in the rain-fed region,it was conducive to give full play to the advantages of cultivar with drought resistance and water saving,increased soil water storage capacity,improved the yield and water use efficiency.